1. Draw the equilibrium mechanism between caffeine and aqueous acid.

2. Using resonance structures, explain why one nitrogen is more basic than the others. (Hint: Only one nitrogen can resonate a positive charge around the ring once protonated.)

Answer:

2.04 x 10⁻⁶ moles H₂O

Explanation:

To find the moles H₂O, you need to multiply the given value by Avogadro's Number. This number is a ratio between molecules and moles, thus granting you the way to convert between both units. It is important to arrange the ratio in a way that allows for the cancellation of units. The final answer should have 3 sig figs to match the sig figs of the given value (1.23 x 10¹⁸ molecules).

Avogadro's Number:

6.022 x 10²³ molecules = 1 mole

1.23 x 10¹⁸ molecules H₂O                     1 mole
---------------------------------------  x  -------------------------------------  =  
                                                    6.022 x 10²³ molecules

=  2.04 x 10⁻⁶ moles H₂O

Answer:

9.21 kJ is the enrgy required to vaporize 11.0 grams of ethanol.

Explanation:

Energy of vaporization can be stated as 38.6 kj/mole for ethanol.  ["It takes 38. 6 kj of energy to vaporize 1. 00 mol of ethanol"]

11.0 grams of ethanol is not 1 mole.  Calculate the moles of ethanol by dividing t=it's mass by its molar mass:

(11.0 grams)/(46.07 g/mole) = 0.2388 moles ethanol

(0.2388 moles ethanol)*(38.6 kj/mole) = 9.21 kJ is the enrgy required to vaporize 11.0 grams of ethanol.

Mole fraction of Oxygen=0.381

Mole fraction of Oxygen= (range of moles of oxygen) ÷(general moles)

also, mole fraction of oxygen = (partial stress of oxygen) ÷ (total strain)

consequently , mole fraction of Oxygen= (2.31 atm)÷(2.31 atm + 3.75 atm)

= 0.381

The mole fraction may be calculated by means of dividing the variety of moles of 1 element of a solution by the entire quantity of moles of all the additives of a solution. It is cited that the sum of the mole fraction of all of the components inside the solution should be identical to 1.

Mole fraction is a unit of awareness. in the solution, the relative amount of solute and solvents are measured by way of the mole fraction and it's far represented through “X.” The mole fraction is the variety of moles of a selected aspect inside the answer divided by way of the entire range of moles in the given answer.

Mole fraction is the ratio between the moles of a constituent and the sum of moles of all ingredients in a mixture. Mass fraction is the ratio between the mass of a constituent and the full mass of a mixture.

The question is incomplete. Please read below to find the missing content.

Assuming that only the listed gases are present, what would the mole fraction of oxygen gas be for each of the following situations? A gas sample of 2.31 atm of oxygen gas and 3.75 atm of hydrogen gas react to form water vapor. Assume the volume of the container and the temperature inside the container does not change.

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Taking into account the reaction stoichiometry, 10.93 grams of CO₂ are formed when 8.50 g of methane react with 15.9 g of O₂.

In first place, the balanced reaction is:

CH₄ + 2 O₂  → CO₂ + 2 H₂O

By reaction stoichiometry (that is, the relationship between the amount of reagents and products in a chemical reaction), the following amounts of moles of each compound participate in the reaction:

The molar mass of the compounds is:

Then, by reaction stoichiometry, the following mass quantities of each compound participate in the reaction:

The limiting reagent is one that is consumed first in its entirety, determining the amount of product in the reaction. When the limiting reagent is finished, the chemical reaction will stop.

To determine the limiting reagent, it is possible to use a simple rule of three as follows: if by stoichiometry 16 grams of CH₄ reacts with 64 grams of O₂, 8.50 grams of CH₄ reacts with how much mass of O₂?

[tex]mass of O_{2} =\frac{8.50 grams of CH_{4}x64 grams of O_{2} }{16grams of CH_{4}}[/tex]

mass of O₂= 34 grams

But 34 grams of O₂ are not available, 15.9 grams are available. Since you have less mass than you need to react with 8.50 grams of CH₄, O₂ will be the limiting reagent.

The following rule of three can be applied: if by reaction stoichiometry 64 grams of O₂ form 44 grams of CO₂, 15.9 grams of O₂ form how much mass of CO₂?

[tex]mass of CO_{2} =\frac{15.9 grams of O_{2}x44 grams of CO_{2} }{64grams of O_{2}}[/tex]

mass of CO₂= 10.93 grams

Then, 10.93 grams of CO₂ are formed when 8.50 g of methane react with 15.9 g of O₂.

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The negative radicals will be  [tex]Cl^-[/tex], [tex]HCO^-[/tex], [tex]CO_3^2^-[/tex], and [tex]OH^-[/tex] respectively.

They are the species that are negatively charged in ion forms.

[tex]NaCl --- > Na^+ + Cl^-[/tex]

[tex]NaHCO --- > Na^+ + HCO^-[/tex]

[tex]Na_2CO_3 --- > 2Na^+ + CO_3^2^-[/tex]

[tex]Ca(OH)_2 -- > Ca^2^+ + 2OH^-[/tex]

Thus, the negative radicals in each of the chemicals are [tex]Cl^-[/tex], [tex]HCO^-[/tex], [tex]CO_3^2^-[/tex], and [tex]OH^-[/tex] respectively.

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The negative radicals as as follows;

The negative radicals are the radicals that are negatively charged. Every ionic compound is composed of positively and negatively charged ions.

Let us now identify the negative radicals in the following ionic compounds;

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The free energy is always negative and the dissolution is feasible when enthalpy is negative and entropy is positive. Option A

Water is known as the universal solvent. Water is a polar substance hence it is often used to dissolve polar substances. It has a dipole and being that there is a high degree of electronegativity difference between the oxygen and the hydrogen atoms in water, it is feasible that the degree of hydrogen bonding between the two is high.

We know that dissolution is favored when there will be an increase in entropy as a result of that, that is; if more particles will appear. Now we know that ΔG = ΔH - TΔS.

Given the equation above, it then follows that the free energy is always negative and the dissolution is feasible when enthalpy is negative and entropy is positive. Option A

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Based on the given scenario, the rate of increase in water pressure in atm/km is known to be 992 atm/km.

Pressure is known to be that kind of force that is known to often pushes water via pipes.

Note that Water pressure is a tool that is often used to know or identify the flow of water from any given tap. The amount of pressure at one's tap is said to be often dependent on how high the service tank or water tower is above one's home.

Therefore since 1 atm/m  = 1000 atm/km

Hence 0.992 atm/m  :

           = 0.992 x 1000

          = 992 atm/km.

Therefore, Based on the given scenario, the rate of increase in water pressure in atm/km is known to be 992 atm/km.

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Answer:

Carbon:  14

Oxygen: 16

Nitrogen: 15

Sulpher: 16

In the electrolysis of water,  3490 hour will it take to produce 165.0 L of H2 at 1.0 atm and 273 K using an electrolytic cell through which the current is 113.0 mA.

The ideal gas law states that the pressure of gas is directly proportional to the volume and temperature of the gas.

It is expressed as

PV = nRT

where,

P = Pressure

V = Volume in liters

n = number of moles of gas

R = Ideal gas constant

T = Temperature in kelvin

Here,

P = 1.0 atm

V = 165.0 L

R = 0.0821 atm. L/mol.K (Ideal gas constant)

T = 273 K

n = ?

Now put the value in above expression, we get

PV = nRT

1.0 atm × 165.0 L = n × 0.0821 atm. L/mol.K × 273 K

165.0 atm. L = n × 22.4  atm. L/mol

[tex]n = \frac{165.0\ \text{atm. L}}{22.4\ \text{atm. L/mol}}[/tex]

n = 7.36 mol

The reaction is

2H⁺ + 2e⁻ → H₂

1 mol of electrons is produced from 96500 C

So,

[tex]96500 \frac{C}{\text{mol} \times e} \times 2e \times 7.36\ \text{mol}[/tex]

= 1,420,480 C

Convert milliampere to C/s

1mA = 0.001 C/s

113.0 mA = 113.0 × 0.001

               = 0.113 c/s

The relation between current, charge and time is expressed as:

[tex]I = \frac{Q}{t}[/tex]

where,

I = Current

Q = Charge in Coulomb

t = time

Now put the value in above formula we get

[tex]I = \frac{Q}{t}[/tex]

  [tex]= \frac{1,420,480\ C}{0.113\ C/s}[/tex]

  = 12,570,619.469 s

  = 3490 hour

Thus from the above conclusion we can say that In the electrolysis of water,  3490 hour will it take to produce 165.0 L of H2 at 1.0 atm and 273 K using an electrolytic cell through which the current is 113.0 mA.

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Answer:

Haworth projection (14.3)

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If not all of the salt has dissolved then the measurement of the concentration at the time is really inaccurate.

The concentration is the amount of substance that is present in solution. We know that we can not measure the concentration unless all of the solute have been dissolved in the solution.

Thus, if not all of the salt has dissolved then the measurement of the concentration at the time is really inaccurate.

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The number of mole of Ag formed from the reaction of 8.0 moles of AgNO₃ and 5.0 moles of Zn, given the chemical reaction is 8 moles

To know the number of mole of Ag formed, we'll begin by obtaining the limiting reactant. Details below:

2AgNO₃ + Zn -> 2Ag + Zn(NO₃)₂

From the balanced equation above,

2 moles of AgNO₃ reacted with 1 mole of Zn

Therefore,

8 moles of AgNO₃ will react with = (8 × 1) / 2 = 4 moles of Zn

From the above calculation, 8 moles of AgNO₃ requires only 4 moles out of 5 moles of Zn given. Thus, AgNO₃ is the limiting reactant

Finally, we shall determine the number of moles of Ag formed. This is shown below:

From the balanced equation above,

2 moles of AgNO₃ reacted to produce 2 moles of Ag

Therefore,

8 moles of AgNO₃ will also react to produce 8 moles of Ag

In conclusion, we can say that the number of mole of Ag formed is 8 moles

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It is true that brittleness is a physical property that differs from one kind of material to another.

Physical qualities of a substance are those that can be seen without changing the substance's identity.

If a material splits under stress with low elastic deformation and little to no substantial plastic deformation, it is considered brittle.

Brittleness is a physical property as it alters the shape of the substance but not the identity of substance.

For example - the brittleness of chalk is different than the brittleness of glass. Thus we can say that the brittleness of chalk's material is different than the  brittleness of glass's material.

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The amount of a particular substance in a given quantity of a mixture is the concentration.

Substances move from high concentration to low concentration.

The amount of a particular substance in a given quantity of a mixture is known as the concentration of that substance.

The amount of solute in a specific amount of solution is how concentrated a material is.

The concentration of a substance can be expressed as molar concentration or mass concentration.

Molarity, or the number of moles of solute in one liter of solution, is the standard unit of concentration expression.

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Answer:

Aqueous sodium ions, Aqueous chloride ions

Explanation:

Sodium chloride dissociates into Na+ and Cl- ions in water

Sodium chloride crystals may also be present in case of saturated solution

Answer:

OX-Y-Z

Explanation:

its the correct answer

The correct order from the most amount of motion( Kinetic energy) to the least amount of motion is Y (gas), Z (liquid), and X (ice). The correct answer is C, Y-Z-X.

In the given sequence, the states of matter with the most amount of motion (kinetic energy) to the least amount of motion are as follows:

Y - Gas (highest kinetic energy, molecules move freely and quickly in all directions)

Z - Liquid (intermediate kinetic energy, molecules have some freedom of movement but are more closely packed than in a gas)

X - Ice (lowest kinetic energy, molecules are tightly packed and have minimal movement, as it is in a solid state)

This sequence reflects the increasing freedom of movement and mobility of molecules as they transition from a solid to a liquid to a gas state.

Thus, the correct option is C.

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The volume of water that must be add is 20 mL. Volume of water that must add is new volume after dilution minus initial volume.

As per data given:

Initial volume (V1) = 40 mL = 0.040 L

Initial molarity(C1) = 9.0 M

New molarity (C2)= 6.0 M

As we want to know to the new volume of water(V2). We have to use dilution formula where the formula is C1 x V1 = C2 x V2. So, the calculation would be:

9.0 x 0.040 = 6.0 x V2

V2 = 0.06 L

V2 = 60 mL

Since the addition water is the difference between V2 and V1:

Volume add = V2 -V1

Volume add = 60 - 40

Volume add = 20 mL

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During a neutralization reaction phosphoric acid reacts with potassium hydroxide to produce potassium phosphate and water, the reaction occurs with a 64.9% yield.

A neutralization reaction is a chemical process in which an acid and a base combine to produce salt and water as the end products. In a neutralization process, a mixture of H+ ions and OH- ions results in the formation of water.

Potassium phosphate and water are created when potassium hydroxide and phosphoric acid combine. The reaction's balanced equation is as follows: K3PO4(aq) + 3H2O = 3KOH(aq) + H3PO4(aq) (l) If six moles of potassium hydroxide react, phosphoric acid is used in the reaction.

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Answer:

4

Explanation:

A carbon atom has 4 electrons in its outermost shell (2s^2p^2).  All are unpaired (none share their orbital with another electron).  So all four are anxious to pair with another electron.  Once it has found 4 more electrons contributed from other atom(s), it will have 4 pairs of shared electrons.

Hydrogen has one lone electron.  An atom of H is downright gleeful in sharing it's electron with elements such as carbon, C.  Since carbon has 4 unpaied electrons, it will combine with 4 H atoms.  At that point, cabon is sharing 4 electron pairs.

Answer:

The pool cannot be neutralized with only vinegar.

Explanation:

The pool's [OH] concentration is 1.0x101mol/L. You must determine the volume of the pool in order to determine how many moles of OH there are in the solution:

r2h = V(pool)

Where h is the depth of the pool, which is equal to 10 meters, and r is the radius,

V(pool) = π (6m)

V(pool) = 2*10 = 1131 m3.

As 1m³ = 1000L

The pool holds 1131m3 x (1000L / 1m3) = 1131000L.

And the OH moles are:

The pool has 131100 moles of OH, or 1.0x101mol per liter times 1131000 liters.

The following is how H+ neutralizes OH:

OH⁻ + H⁺ → H₂O

In order to neutralize the pool, 131100 moles of H+ must be added.

H+ levels in vinegar with a pH of 2 are as follows:

[H+] = -log pH

2 = -log [H⁺]

1x10⁻²M = [H⁺]

Only 4x102 moles of [H+] make up 4L. As necessary, 131100 moles of H⁺:

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Answer:

which one is isn't the one that is wrong

Explanation:

bang bang chocho train

When the system turns pink, then the end point has been attained.

The end point or the equivalence point is the time when the reactants have undergone transformation in accordance with the reaction equation. The reaction in this case is; HCl + NaOH -----> NaCl + H2O.

We know that phenolphthalein is colorless in acid but red in a base. The color at end point is pink. Thus, when the system turns pink, then the end point has been attained.

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The additional information that needed to convert empirical formula calculation into molecular formula are percentage of the elements in the compound; molar mass; and molecular mass.

The empirical formula is the chemical formula of a compound which inform the proportions or rations of the elements present in the compound but it is not represent the actual numbers or arrangement of atoms. In short, empirical formula is the smallest possible number that element present in the formula. Empiric formula can be use to determine the molecular formula calculation because it is contain an information about number of atom of each element present in the formula.

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70 ml would be the stroke volume (SV) every beat.

Given,

End Diastolic Volume(EDV) = 120 ml/beat

End Systolic Volume(ESV) = 50 ml/beat

According to the formula

Stroke volume = End Diastolic Volume(EDV) - End Systolic Volume(ESV)

Stoke volume = 120 ml/beat - 50 ml/beat

Stroke volume = 70 ml/beat

The amount of blood in the ventricles just before the heart contracts is known as end-diastolic volume.

End-systolic volume (ESV) is the amount of blood in a ventricle at the point where systole, or contraction, ends and diastole, or filling, begins.

At any time during the cardiac cycle, the ESV has the lowest blood volume in the ventricle.

The amount of blood that is pumped out of the left ventricle of the heart with each systolic cardiac contraction is referred to as the stroke volume.

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3.00 ×10² g of HF.

A Thermochemical Equation is a balanced stoichiometric chemical equation that includes the enthalpy change, ΔH. In variable form, a thermochemical equation would look like this:

A + B → C. ΔH = (±) #

The thermochemical reaction is of two types:

Endothermic Reaction Those thermochemical reactions in which heat is absorbed. Change in enthalpy for this reaction is positive.

Exothermic Reaction Exothermic reactions are the reaction in which the heat or the energy is evolved during the reaction.

SiO2 + 4 HF(g)  →  SiF4(g) + 2 H20(l)    ΔH®rxn=-184 kJ

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Answer:

1.5 moles

Explanation:

To find the number of moles of HCl in 500 mL of a 3 M solution of HCl, we consider moles in 1 liter/ 1000 mL.

3 moles HCl is contained in 1000 mL

x moles is HCl is contained in 500 mL

[tex] = \frac{3 \: \times \: 500}{1000} \: moles \\ = 1.5 \: moles[/tex]

Hence the number of moles of HCl in 500 mL is 1.5 moles.

A  bond issue consists of a number of bonds, usually in denominations of  $1,000 and $5,000.

The term bond refers to a sort of investment in which an individual loans  money to the government or sometimes to the government in return for an interest on the investment. This interest is paid to the individual regularly as a return on his/ her investment.

Hence a bond issue consists of a number of bonds, usually in denominations of  $1,000 and $5,000.

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Missing parts;

Bonds are securities that can be readily bought and sold. A bond issue consists of a number of bonds, usually in denominations of ______ or _____ and is sold to many different lenders.

Multiple choice question.

$100; $1,000

$1,000; $10,000

$500; $5,000

$1,000; $5,000

Answer: Mg(NO₃)₂ * 6 H₂O

Explanation:

The enthalpy of fusion for Hg is 2.29 kJ/mol. 0.89 kJ is the energy change when 78.0 g of Hg melts at −38.8°C.

The amount of energy needed to change 1 mole of substance under state change at constant temperature and pressure is called enthalpy of fusion. It is also known as Latent heat of fusion. Unit of enthalpy of fusion is kJ/mol.

To find the change in energy use this expression:

q = n ΔH

where

q = Energy change

n = number of moles

ΔH = Molar enthalpy

Number of moles (n) = [tex]\frac{\text{Given mass}}{\text{Molar mass}}[/tex]

                                  = [tex]\frac{78.0\ g}{200\ \text{g/mol}}[/tex]

                                  = 0.39 mol

Now put the values in above formula we get

q = n ΔH

  = 0.39 mol × 2.29 kJ/mol

  = 0.89 kJ

Thus from the above conclusion we can say that The enthalpy of fusion for Hg is 2.29 kJ/mol. 0.89 kJ is the energy change when 78.0 g of Hg melts at −38.8°C.

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