3. What is an
electrolyte?​

a)The molarity of this solution is 0.07 M.

b)The hydronium ion concentration is 0.07 M, and the hydroxide ion concentration is approximately 1.43 x 10^(-13) M.

c)The pH ≈ 1.15 & pOH ≈ 12.85

d)This solution is an acid.

e)HNO₃ + NaOH → NaNO₃ + H₂O

f)HNO₃ is the acid.

NaOH is the base.

NaNO₃ is the conjugate acid of the base NaOH.

H₂O is the conjugate base of the acid HNO₃.

To find the molarity (M) of the solution, we need to calculate the number of moles of solute (hydrogen nitrate) and divide it by the volume of the solution in liters.

a.The molar mass of hydrogen nitrate (HNO3) is 63.01 g/mol.Moles of HNO3 = 3.31 g / 63.01 g/mol = 0.0526 mol

Volume of solution in liters = 750.0 mL / 1000 mL/L = 0.750 L

Molarity (M) = Moles of solute / Volume of solution in liters

M = 0.0526 mol / 0.750 L ≈ 0.070 M

b. Hydrogen nitrate (HNO3) dissociates in water to form hydronium ions (H3O+) and nitrate ions (NO3-). Since the compound is a strong acid, it fully dissociates. Thus, the concentration of hydronium ions and nitrate ions is the same as the molarity of the solution, which is 0.070 M.

c. The pH and pOH can be calculated using the formulas: pH = -log[H3O+] and pOH = -log[OH-]. Since the solution is acidic, [H3O+] = 0.070 M.

pH = -log(0.070) ≈ 1.155

pOH = 14 - pH ≈ 14 - 1.155 ≈ 12.845

d. This solution is an acid since it contains hydronium ions (H3O+), which are characteristic of acidic solutions.

e. The balanced chemical equation for the reaction between hydrogen nitrate (HNO3) and sodium hydroxide (NaOH) is:

HNO3 + NaOH -> NaNO3 + H2O

f. In this reaction, HNO3 acts as the acid (donates a proton, H+), NaOH acts as the base (accepts a proton, OH-), NaNO3 is the conjugate base of HNO3, and H2O is the conjugate acid of OH-.

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The velocity of the tomato when it hits the ground is approximately 13.49 meters per second.

The potential energy of the tomato is at the height of 10 meters. When the tomato hits the ground, most of the potential energy is E1 = 0.909*mgh.

By the conservation of energy principle, the kinetic energy [tex]E_1[/tex] is equal to the kinetic energy [tex]E_2[/tex] of the tomato just before it hits the ground.

The kinetic energy [tex]E_2[/tex] is given by[tex]1/2mv^2[/tex], where v is the velocity of the tomato just before it hits the ground. Equating [tex]E_1[/tex] and [tex]E_2[/tex] solving for v, we get:

[tex]v = \sqrt{(20.909gh)[/tex]

Substituting the values of [tex]g = 9.81 m/s^2[/tex]and h = 10 m, we get:

v = [tex]\sqrt{(20.9099.81*10)}[/tex] = 13.49 m/s

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--The complete Question is, Suppose a tomato is dropped from a height of 10 meters. If 90.9% of the work done on the tomato is converted to kinetic energy by the time it hits the ground, what is the velocity (in meters per second) of the tomato when it hits the ground? --

The energy associated with the formation of 2.55 g of 4He by the fusion of 3H and 1H is approximately -[tex]2.57 * 10^{-12 }.[/tex] Joules

The balanced nuclear equation for the fusion of 3H and 1H to form 4He is shown below:

3H + 1H → 4He

We find that the difference in mass between the reactants and products is: (3 × 3.01605 u) + (1 × 1.00783 u) - (1 × 4.00260 u) = -0.01854 u

Einstein's energy equation is E = mc².

E = (-0.01854 u) × (1.66054 × 10^-27 kg/u) × (2.998 × 10^8 m/s)^2

E = [tex]-4.03 * 10^{-12}[/tex] J

The number of reactions  =  2.55 g / 4.00260 g/mol = 0.637 mol

The total energy is =  [tex]-4.03 * {10^-12} J[/tex]× 0.637 mol

total energy = [tex]2.57 * 10^{-12} J[/tex]

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A vessel of 14.0 L would hold 1.78 moles of chlorine gas at 120.0 °C and 33.3 atm.

The ideal gas law relates the pressure (P), volume (V), temperature (T), and the number of moles (n) of a gas to a constant R known as the universal gas constant. In this equation, P, V, and T are directly proportional to n, which means that as the number of moles of gas increases, so does the pressure, volume, and temperature.

Using the ideal gas law, PV = nRT, we can solve for the number of moles of chlorine gas:

n = PV/RT

First, we need to convert the temperature to Kelvin by adding 273.15:

T = 120.0 + 273.15 = 393.15 K

Next, we can plug in the values we have:

n = (33.3 atm)(14.0 L)/(0.0821 L•atm/mol•K)(393.15 K)

n = 1.78 moles

Therefore, 1.78 moles of chlorine gas at 120.0 °C and 33.3 atm would occupy a vessel of 14.0 L.

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The number of moles of the sodium chlroide from the calculation is 0.11 moles.

We can connect a substance's mass to its particle count using the concept of a mole. A material's molar mass, which is measured in grams per mole, is the mass of one mole of that substance. One mole of carbon-12 atoms, for instance, weighs 12 grams according to its molar mass of 12 grams/mol.

We have that;

Number of moles = Mass/molar mass

mass = 6.37 grams

Molar mass =  58.5 g/mol

Number of moles = 6.37 g/58.5 g/mol

= 0.11 moles

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a) There are approximately 1.75 grams of sulfuric acid in the sample.

b)The % error for this experiment is 66.67%.

The percent error for this experiment is approximately 66.67%.To find the number of grams of sulfuric acid in the sample, we can use the stoichiometry of the balanced chemical equation between sulfuric acid (H2SO4) and potassium hydroxide (KOH).

a.The balanced equation is:H2SO4 + 2KOH → K2SO4 + 2H2O

From the equation, we can see that one mole of sulfuric acid reacts with two moles of potassium hydroxide. Therefore, we need to determine the number of moles of potassium hydroxide used in the titration.

Volume of potassium hydroxide solution used = 142.5 mL = 0.1425 L

Moles of potassium hydroxide used = Molarity × Volume (in liters) = 0.25 M × 0.1425 L = 0.0356 moles

Since the ratio between sulfuric acid and potassium hydroxide is 1:2, the number of moles of sulfuric acid in the sample is half of the moles of potassium hydroxide used:

Moles of sulfuric acid = 0.0356 moles / 2 = 0.0178 moles

To convert moles to grams, we can use the molar mass of sulfuric acid, which is approximately 98.09 g/mol:

Mass of sulfuric acid = Moles × Molar mass = 0.0178 moles × 98.09 g/mol ≈ 1.75 grams

b. To calculate the percent error, we need to compare the experimental value (grams of sulfuric acid calculated in part a) with the expected value based on the labeled concentration.

Expected mass of sulfuric acid = Mass of sample × Percentage by mass = 35.0 g × 0.03 = 1.05 grams

Percent error = (|Experimental value - Expected value| / Expected value) × 100

Percent error = (|1.75 g - 1.05 g| / 1.05 g) × 100 ≈ 66.67%

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The ranking of the acids from strongest to weakest is: B) HI > A) HCl > D) H2S > C) H2O

To rank the acids from strongest to weakest, we need to consider their acid dissociation constants (Ka) or their respective pKa values. The lower the pKa value, the stronger the acid.

Here are the acids listed from strongest to weakest:

B) HI: Hydroiodic acid has a very low pKa value, indicating that it is a strong acid. It readily dissociates in water to release hydrogen ions (H+). HI is stronger than the other acids in the list.

A) HCl: Hydrochloric acid is also a strong acid with a low pKa value. It dissociates almost completely in water to produce H+ ions.

D) H2S: Hydrogen sulfide is a weak acid compared to HI and HCl. It has a higher pKa value, indicating that it does not dissociate as completely in water as the previous two acids. However, it still donates some hydrogen ions and exhibits acidic properties.

C) H2O: Water is considered a neutral substance with a pKa of 14. It can act as a weak acid or a weak base depending on the reaction it is involved in. In this list, it is the weakest acid. While it can donate a proton to form H+ ions, its tendency to do so is significantly lower compared to the other acids.

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The molecular mass of the gas is 54 g/mol.

The Ideal gas law is the equation of state of a hypothetical ideal gas. It is a good approximation to the behaviour of many gases under many conditions, although it has several limitations. The ideal gas equation can be written as

                                  PV = nRT

where,

P = Pressure

V = Volume

T = Temperature

n = number of moles

In this equation, number of moles can be replaced by mass divided by molecular mass.

Given,

Mass = 0.695g

Volume = 293ml = 0.293L

Pressure = 807.4mmHg = 807.4/760 atm

Temperature = 22⁰C = 22 +273 = 295K

PV = nRT

(807.4 × 0.293) ÷ 760 = (0.695 × 8.314 × 295) ÷ M

M =  (0.695 × 0.0821× 295 ×760) ÷ (807.4 × 0.293)

M= 54 g/ mol

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The gas would occupy approximately 3.00 L at 24.0 °C and 670 torr.

To solve this problem, we can use the combined gas law, which relates the pressure, volume, and temperature of a gas at different conditions. The combined gas law is expressed as:

(P1 × V1) / (T1) = (P2 × V2) / (T2)

where P1, V1, and T1 are the initial pressure, volume, and temperature, respectively, and P2, V2, and T2 are the final pressure, volume, and temperature, respectively.

Using the given values, we can plug them into the equation and solve for V2:

(P1 × V1) / (T1) = (P2 × V2) / (T2)

(934 torr × 4.76 L) / (279.25 K) = (670 torr × V2) / (297.15 K)

Simplifying and solving for V2, we get:

V2 = [(934 torr × 4.76 L) / (279.25 K)] × (297.15 K / 670 torr)

V2 ≈ 3.00 L

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The correct term to describe Mg²+ is "ion."

An ion is an atom or molecule that has gained or lost electrons, resulting in a positive or negative charge. In the case of Mg²+, it indicates that the magnesium atom has lost two electrons, leading to a positive charge of +2. The term "subatomic particle" refers to particles that are smaller than an atom, such as protons, neutrons, and electrons. While Mg²+ does involve subatomic particles (protons and electrons), the term itself is not directly applicable to Mg²+. The term "element" refers to a pure substance composed of only one type of atom. Magnesium (Mg) is an element, but Mg²+ specifically refers to the ionized form of the magnesium atom. The term "molecule" refers to a combination of two or more atoms held together by chemical bonds. Since Mg²+ is an ion and does not involve bonding with other atoms, it is not considered a molecule. Therefore, the correct term to describe Mg²+ is "ion."

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Calculating the equilibrium constant (K) for a reaction requires knowing the balanced equation of the reaction. I won't be able to give the exact value of K without the exact reaction equation. However, I can explain how to use the concentrations provided to determine K.

An equilibrium constant statement for the reaction has the general form:

[tex]K = [C]^c[D]^d / [A]^a[B]^b[/tex]

In this case, let's assume the reaction is:

aA + bB ⇌ cC + dD

Given the initial and equilibrium concentrations of CO and Cl 2, the following values ​​can be applied to the concentrations:

[A] = [CO] (initial concentration)

[B] = [Cl2] (initial concentration)

[C] = [CO] (equilibrium concentration)

[D] = [Cl2] (equilibrium concentration)

Now that the concentration is determined, we can determine the equilibrium constant (K):

[tex]K = ([C]^c [D]^d) / ([A]^a [B]^b)K = ([CO]^c [Cl2]^d) / ([CO]^a [Cl2]^b)K = ([0.25]^c [0.15]^d) / ([0.79]^a [0.69]^b)[/tex]

The equilibrium constant (K) for the reaction can be obtained by substituting the values ​​of a, b, c and d based on the balanced equation and the specified concentration.

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Evaporation followed by distillation is a physical process that  would allow you to isolate this salt after the acid-base titration occurs in solution.

Acids are defined as substances which on dissociation yield H+ ions , and these substances are sour in taste. Compounds  such as HCl, H₂SO₄ and HNO₃ are acids as they yield H+ ions on dissociation.

According to the number of H+ ions which are generated on dissociation acids are classified as mono-protic , di-protic ,tri-protic and polyprotic  acids  depending on the number of protons which are liberated on dissociation.They are separated by distillation.

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Answer:

The sound playing from the first graph is louder, while the sound from the second graph is deeper, both of which have the same pitch.

Explanation:

First let's analyze the graphs,
Comparing the first graph to the second

Concluding from the above observations, the sound playing from the first graph is louder, while the sound from the second graph is deeper, both of which have the same pitch.

Answer is Answer

Explanation:

The three correct answers about the reactants they used for a successful reaction are:

The collision theory states that successful chemical reactions occur when reactant particles collide with each other with sufficient energy and proper orientation.

Based on the collision theory,  for a successful reaction to occur, the reactants must collide with each other with sufficient energy (activation energy) and in the correct orientation.

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Complete question:

For this question, choose THREE answers. A student adds two chemicals together in lab and observes a successful reaction. Which of the following can be assumed about the reactants they used?

They had the minimum activation energy.

They did not have the minimum activation energy.

They were not oriented in the correct direction.

They were oriented in the correct direction.

They did not successfully collide with each other.

They successfully collided with each other.

Answer:

0.625g/mL

Explanation:

D=mass (grams) / Volume (mL or cm^3)

m=125g
V=200mL

D= 125g/200mL= 0.625g/mL

The chemical elements involved are; hydrogen, fluorine, boron and lithium

There are two hydrogen atoms, five fluorine atoms, one boron atom and one lithium atom.

Chemical compounds are represented symbolically by chemical formulas, which reveal the types and amounts of atoms that make up the compound. It is a succinct approach to explain a substance's makeup.

The components of a compound are identified in a chemical formula by their corresponding chemical symbols, which are typically derived from their English or Latin names. The number of atoms of each element in a single compound molecule is indicated by the subscripts that follow each element.

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Answer:

5l NO

2

at STP

No. of molecules=

22.4

5

mol=

22.4

5

×N

A

molecules

A) 5ℊ of H

2

(g)

No. of moles=

2

5

mol=

2

5

×N

A

molecules

B) 5l of CH

4

(g)

No. of moles of CH

4

=

22.4

5

mol=

22.4

5

N

A

molecules

C) 5 mol of O

2

=5N

A

O

2

molecules

D) 5×10

23

molecules of CO

2

(g)

Molecules of 5l NO

2

(g) at STP=5l of CH

4

(g) molecules at STP

Therefore, option B is correct.

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Answer: the answer is money

Explanation:   money=happy person.

The wind moves from high pressure area to low pressure area because of unequal heating and cooling of Earth's land and water surfaces

The movement of air or wind from a high pressure area to a low pressure area is due to the difference in air pressure between the two regions. High-pressure areas are characterized by relatively dense and cooler air that tends to sink, while low-pressure areas have relatively warm and less dense air that rises.

These differences in air pressure arise due to the unequal heating and cooling of the Earth's land and water surfaces. For instance, regions near the equator receive more direct sunlight, and hence, the air gets heated more quickly, leading to the formation of a low-pressure area.

Conversely, regions near the poles receive less direct sunlight, and hence, the air is cooler and denser, leading to the formation of a high-pressure area. As a result, air moves from high pressure to low pressure areas, creating winds and affecting the global climate.

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10.0 mL of ammonia will be formed when 10 cm^3 of nitrogen and 20 cm^3 of hydrogen react.

The reaction between nitrogen and hydrogen produces ammonia according to the equation:

N2 + 3H2 → 2NH3

This equation tells us that 1 mole of nitrogen reacts with 3 moles of hydrogen to produce 2 moles of ammonia. However, we need to know the amount of each gas in order to calculate the volume of ammonia formed.

To do this, we can use the ideal gas law, which states that PV = nRT, where P is the pressure of the gas, V is the volume of the gas, n is the number of moles of the gas, R is the gas constant, and T is the temperature of the gas.

Assuming that the gases are at the same temperature and pressure, we can use the volumes of the gases to calculate their respective number of moles:

n(N2) = V(N2) / V(molar volume of gas at STP) = 10 cm^3 / 24.45 L/mol = 0.000409 mol

n(H2) = V(H2) / V(molar volume of gas at STP) = 20 cm^3 / 24.45 L/mol = 0.000818 mol

Since nitrogen and hydrogen react in a 1:3 ratio, the limiting reactant is nitrogen. Therefore, only 0.000409 mol of ammonia will be produced. We can convert this to volume using the molar volume of gas at STP:

V(NH3) = n(NH3) × V(molar volume of gas at STP) = 0.000409 mol × 24.45 L/mol = 0.01 L = 10.0 mL

Therefore, 10.0 mL of ammonia will be formed when 10 cm^3 of nitrogen and 20 cm^3 of hydrogen react.

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The final temperature must be approximately 248 K for the pressure to remain constant. B is correct option.

We can use the combined gas law to solve this problem, which states that: (P1V1)/T1 = (P2V2)/T2

where P1 and V1 are the initial pressure and volume, respectively, T1 is the initial temperature, P2 and V2 are the final pressure and volume, respectively, and T2 is the final temperature.

We know that the initial volume V1 is 0.250 L and the final volume V2 is 0.285 L. The pressure P is constant, so we can set P1 = P2. The initial temperature T1 is 10°C, which is equivalent to 283 K (10°C + 273 = 283 K). Substituting these values into the combined gas law and solving for T2, we get: (P1V1)/T1 = (P2V2)/T2

(P1V1) = (P2V2)(T1/T2)

T2 = (P2V2)(T1)/(P1V1)

T2 = (P1V1)(T2)/(P2V2)

T2 = (283 K × 0.250 L)/(0.285 L)

T2 = 248 K.

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The quantity of protons, neutrons, and electrons that each element has makes it unique.

Each chemical element's atoms has the same number of protons and electrons, which is important because neutrons' quantities are variable.

Isotopes are atoms with the same number of protons but differing numbers of neutrons.

They differ in mass, which affects their physical characteristics even if they have nearly identical chemical properties. There are unstable isotopes that emit radiation as well as stable isotopes that do not. These are referred to as radioisotopes.

Thus, The quantity of protons, neutrons, and electrons that each element has makes it unique.

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To decrease 0.10 L of a 0.60 M KIO₃ solution, 670 mL of 0.45 M Na₂CrO₂ solution are required.

The balanced chemical equation for the reaction is:

6 IO₃⁻ + 3 CrO₂²⁻ + 24 OH⁻ → 3 CrO₄²⁻ + 6 I⁻ + 12 H₂O

First, we need to determine the limiting reactant between KIO₃ and Na₂CrO₂. To do this, we can use the stoichiometry of the balanced equation to convert the number of moles of each reactant to the number of moles of CrO₂²⁻ required:

0.60 mol KIO₃ x (3 mol CrO₂²⁻ / 6 mol IO₃⁻) = 0.30 mol CrO₂²⁻

We can also calculate the number of moles of CrO₂²⁻ available in the Na₂CrO₂ solution using its concentration and volume:

0.45 mol/L x V(L) = 0.30 mol CrO₂²⁻

Solving for V, we get:

V = 0.30 mol / 0.45 mol/L = 0.67 L = 670 mL

Therefore, 670 mL of the 0.45 M Na₂CrO₂ solution is needed to reduce 0.10 L of a 0.60 M KIO₃ solution.

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Answer:

Explanation:

The matching of each decimal number to the correct scientific notation is as follows:

3.07 x 10^-6 -> D) 3.07 x 10^-6

3.07 x 10^6 -> B) 3.07 x 10^6

3.07 x 10^-4 -> A) 3.07 x 10^-4

3.07 x 10^4 -> C) 3.07 x 10^4

So, the correct matching is:

D) 3.07 x 10^-6

B) 3.07 x 10^6

A) 3.07 x 10^-4

C) 3.07 x 10^4

Answer: 4480 mL if need correct sig figs its 4.48 X 10^3 mL

Explanation:

1) solve for moles HCl

2.00 X 0.2 =0.400 moles HCl

2) now do stoichiometry using balanced chemical equation

___Mg + 2 HCl ---> MgCl2 + H2

0.400 moles HCl X (1 mole H2/2 Moles HCl) X (22400ml/ 1mole) =4480 mL H2

The balanced equation for the reaction between sulfur (S₈) and oxygen (O₂) to form sulfur trioxide (SO₃) is 2S₈ + 16O₂ → 16SO₃.

Balancing chemical equations involves the addition of stoichiometric coefficients to the reactants and products.

The balanced equation for the reaction between sulfur (S₈) and oxygen (O₂) to form sulfur trioxide (SO₃) is determined as;

2S₈ + 16O₂ → 16SO₃

From the reactants side we can see that sulfur is 16 and also 16 in the product side. The number of oxygen in the reactant side is 32 and also 32 in the product side.

Thus, the balanced equation for the reaction between sulfur (S₈) and oxygen (O₂) to form sulfur trioxide (SO₃) is 2S₈ + 16O₂ → 16SO₃.

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The pH of the 0.15 M [tex]CH_3COOH[/tex] solution is approximately 2.38. and around 2.9% of the [tex]CH_3COOH[/tex] molecules in the 0.15 M solution are deprotonated.

Acetic acid ([tex]CH_3COOH[/tex]) is a weak acid that only partially dissociates in water to form [tex]H^+[/tex] ions and [tex]CH_3COO^-[/tex] ions. To estimate the pH and fraction of [tex]CH_3COOH[/tex]molecules deprotonated in a 0.15 M [tex]CH_3COOH[/tex]solution, we can use the following equations and approximations:

The dissociation constant for acetic acid (Ka) is 1.8 x 10^-5.

The initial concentration of [tex]CH_3COOH[/tex] is equal to its concentration at equilibrium, since it only partially dissociates.

The concentration of [tex]H^+[/tex] ions is equal to the concentration of [tex]CH_3COO^-[/tex] ions at equilibrium, since the dissociation reaction involves a 1:1 ratio of [tex]H^+[/tex] ions to [tex]CH_3COO^-[/tex] ions.

Using these approximations, we can set up an equilibrium expression for the dissociation of [tex]CH_3COOH[/tex] :

[tex]Ka = [H^+][CH_3COO^-]/[CH_3COOH][/tex]

We also know that the initial concentration of [tex]CH_3COOH[/tex] is 0.15 M. Let x be the concentration of [tex]H^+[/tex] ions and [tex]CH_3COO^-[/tex] ions at equilibrium. Then:

[[tex]H^+[/tex]] = x

[[tex]CH_3COO^-[/tex]] = x

[[tex]CH_3COOH[/tex]] = 0.15 - x

Substituting these values into the equilibrium expression and solving for x, we get:

Ka = x^2 / (0.15 - x)

1.8 x 10^-5 = x^2 / (0.15 - x)

x = 0.0042 M

The pH can be calculated using the formula:

pH = -log[[tex]H^+[/tex]]

pH = -log(0.0042)

pH = 2.38

Therefore, the pH of the 0.15 M [tex]CH_3COOH[/tex] solution is approximately 2.38.

To estimate the fraction of [tex]CH_3COOH[/tex] molecules that are deprotonated, we can use the equation:

Fraction deprotonated = [tex][CH_3COO^-] / [CH_3COOH][/tex] x 100%

At equilibrium, the concentration of [tex]CH_3COO^-[/tex] ions is equal to the concentration of [tex]H^+[/tex] ions, which we calculated to be 0.0042 M. The concentration of [tex]CH_3COOH[/tex] at equilibrium is 0.15 - 0.0042 = 0.1458 M. Substituting these values into the equation, we get:

Fraction deprotonated = 0.0042 / 0.1458 x 100%

Fraction deprotonated = 2.9%

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