The average atomic mass of bromine is derived from the isotopic masses and percentage abundance. The average atomic mass of bromine is 80.31 amu.
What are isotopes?Isotopes are atoms of same element with different atomic mass numbers. Almost all elements have two or more isotopes but not all of them are stable in nature.
The average atomic mass can be calculated from the isotopic mass and and percentage abundance as follows:
atomic mass = ∑ (isotopic mass × %abundance /100 )
Apply the isotopic mass and abundance of all isotopes given as follows:
atomic mass of bromine = (50.54/100 × 78.92 amu) + (49.96/100 × 80.92 amu) =80.31 amu.
Therefore, the atomic mass of bromine is 80.31 amu.
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The reduction of ketone groups, such as those present on coq, produces alcohols. in contrast, oxidation of aldehydes produces which functional group?
On oxidation of aldehydes produces carboxylic acid functional group.
The product of oxidation of aldehydes depends upon whether the reaction occur in acidic medium or alkaline condition.
If oxidation of aldehydes occurs under acidic condition the product is carboxylic acid but if oxidation of aldehydes occurs under alkaline condition then reduce as well as oxidized product obtained which is known as disproportional product.
The oxidation of aldehydes occur through potassium dichromate, potassium permanganate or many more. The oxidation of aldehydes in the presence of base is known as cannizzaro's reaction.
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(RLLY NEED HELP) What is caused by friction between two objects?
Static electricity
Dry air
A circuit
Moist air
When taking ph measurements of solutions, why is it important to stir thoroughly after adding each reagent?.
What is the electron structure of a beryllium atom? 1s ²2s 1 O 1s 22s 2 1s ¹2s 2 1s 23s 2
Answer:
Be = 1s²2s²
Explanation:
Beryllium (Be) is the 4th element on the periodic table. As such, beryllium has 4 electrons. It is the second element located in the second row in the s-block. Therefore, beryllium's electron structure should consist of 2 completely filled s-orbitals.
Answer:
Explanation:
8281s
Help me ASAP please!!!
The concentration of the sodium hydroxide will be 0.016 M
Stoichiometric problemFirst, the concentration of the diluted nitric acid needs to be found.
m1 = 2.0 M, v1 = 100 mL, v2 = 300.0 mL
m2 = 2 x 100/300 = 0.6667 M
The equation of the reaction goes thus: [tex]HNO_3 + NaOH = NaNO_3 + H_2O[/tex]
The mole ratio is 1:1.
Mole of 0.6667 M, 7.05 mL HNO3 = 0.6667 x 0.00705 = 0.0047 mol
Equivalent mole of NaOH = 0.0047 mol
Molarity of 0.0047 mol, 30.0 mL NaOH = 0.0047/0.3 = 0.016 M
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What property should a radioisotope used for dating have?
OA. It must be an isotope not commonly found in the fossil.
OB. Its half-life should be similar to the age of the fossil.
OC. It must have a half-life much longer than the fossil age.
OD. It must decay to a stable isotope of the same element.
The property a radioisotope used for dating should have is Its half-life should be similar to the age of the fossil and is denoted as option B.
What is a Radioisotope?This is an element which is unstable and releases radiation to achieve its stability.
The half-life of the element used in dating should be similar to that of the fossil for easy comparisons and accuracy.
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Answer:
b, half life should be similar to the fossil
Explanation:
A sparingly soluble metal hydroxide, m(oh)2 has a molar solubility of s mol/l at 25°c. its ksp value is:______
The value of the Ksp can be obtained in terms of s as 4s^3.
What is Ksp?The term Ksp has to do with the solubility product. It is the extent to which a substance can dissolve in water. We know that the solubility of the substance can be given as;
M(OH)2(s) ⇔M^+(aq) + 2OH^-(aq)
Ksp = s * (2s)^2
Ksp = s * 4s^2
Ksp = 4s^3
Thus it follows that the value of the Ksp can be obtained in terms of s as 4s^3.
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Monosaccharides are the smallest building blocks of sugars and have similar chemical compositions. Considering that simple sugars are a component of carbohydrates, what is the general chemical composition of monosaccharides
Answer:
See below
Explanation:
Monosaccharides:They are the simplest sugars.They can not be hydrolyzed.They are sweet in taste.They are soluble in water.They have the general formula of [tex]C_n(H_2O)_n[/tex]Chemical composition:They are composed of:CarbonHydrogenOxygen[tex]\rule[225]{225}{2}[/tex]
Justify the statement, "nuclear energy is harmful as well as useful."
Nuclear energy is harmful because it releases of harmful ionizing radiation and has been employed in the production of atomic bombs and hydrogen bombs.
Nuclear energy is beneficial in that it produces vast amount of energy for domestic and industrial purposes.
What is nuclear energy?Nuclear energy refers to the energy which is produced as a result of the changes that occur in the nucleus of atoms of elements.
Nuclear energy produces the largest amount of energy when compared to other forms of energy sources.
Nuclear energy is produced by two types of nuclear reactions:
Nuclear fission and Nuclear fusionNuclear energy is harmful in that it results in the release of harmful ionizing radiation which damages cells and tissues of living organisms.
Nuclear energy is also harmful because nuclear energy has been employed in the production of atomic bombs and hydrogen bombs.
On the other hand, nuclear energy is beneficial in that it produces vast amount of energy which can be used for domestic and industrial purposes. It also produces fewer wastes that damage the environment compared to fossil fuels.
In conclusion, nuclear energy is both beneficial and harmful.
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You are an astrophysicist and have discovered a new star. You use a spectrometer to read the absorption spectrum of the star. Based on the data below, what elements does the star contain?
A. H and He
B. H
C. He and Hg
D. H, He, and Hg
Based on the data below, the elements that the star contains is a combination of Hydrogen and Helium. (Option A)
It is to be noted that Hydrogen is a simple atom with a straightforward spectrum. Aside from the three lines seen above, another in blue at 410 nm may be visible.
However, Helium, on the other hand, is a little more complicated than hydrogen, with one yellow line and a number in blue.
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The equilibrium concentration of sulfide ion in a saturated lead sulfide solution is M. (Assume that .)
A solid form of matter in which there is long range repeating order is called ________
Answer: A solid form of matter in which there is long-range repeating order is called crystalline.
Explanation:
A solid is crystalline if it has long-range order. Once the positions of an atom and its neighbors are known at one point, the place of each atom is known precisely throughout the crystal.
In your reaction you started with a solution that was approximately 8 M acetic acid and 4 M isopentyl alcohol. Use the equilibrium expression for this reaction to calculate the final concentrations of water, isopentyl acetate, isopentyl alcohol, and acetic acid (you'll need to use the quadratic equation to solve this expression) assuming that the equilibrium constant is 4.2. Calculate the percent yield of isopentyl acetate to which this value would correspond.
The final concentrations of water, isopentyl acetate, isopentyl alcohol, and acetic acid obtained on using equilibrium expression are 3.4M, 3.4M, 0.6M , 4.6M
Using ICE table:-
Acetic acid + Isopentyl alcohol ------> Isopentyl acetate + water
I 8M 4M 0 0
C 8-x 4-x +x +x
E 8-x 4-x +x +x
Equilibrium constant (Keq) = 4.2
On using the equilibrium expression -
Keq = [Product] / [Reactant]
Keq = x^2 / (8-x) (4-x )
4.2 = x^2 / 32 - 8x - 4x + x^2
x = 3.4
Concentration of acetic acid = 8-x = 8-3.4 = 4.6M
Concentration of isopentyl alcohol = 4-x = 4-3.4 = 0.6M
Concentration of isopentyl acetate = x = 3.4M
Concentration of water = x = 3.4M
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Please Help! Is it possible to have two other resonance structures with the double bond being connected to the chlorine.
It is possible for two other resonance structures to be connected but results in positive formal charge which isn't suited for a very electronegative atom such as chlorine.
What is a Lewis structure?This is a type of diagram which depicts the bonding between atoms and lone pairs which are present in the molecule.
Adding two other resonance structures will also result in the poor overlap between the p-orbitals.
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Draw the major product formed in the reaction of an epoxide with methoxide in methanol.
the major product of the reaction is (2S,3R)-3-methoxy-3-methylpentan-2-ol.
Epoxy, epoxide, oxirane, and ethoxyline are all names for substances that contain the epoxide functional group. Oxides are a common name for simple epoxides. Consequently, ethylene oxide is the epoxide of ethylene (C2H4).
Reaction and explanation.
In order to answer this question, we must draw the main product and the studio chemistry. Yeah. Therefore, we will begin by drawing the reactant, which is an oxide.
As with this structure. Therefore, C. S. is applied to this epoxy side. Three ohs and two hash marks. As a result, the oxygen will be presented with the lone pair on the initial stage. And after that, we will receive the prototype for a thirty-plus-year-old product. And everything else will proceed as usual, even this.
Now this bond will be severed, and three miners from O. C. S. will attack from the back, in which case we will receive the finished product as seen here.
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(2S,3R)-3-methoxy-3-methylpentan-2-ol is the reaction's main product.
Epoxide functional group-containing compounds go by the names epoxy, epoxide, oxirane, and ethoxyline. Simple epoxides are frequently referred to as oxides. As a result, ethylene oxide is ethylene's epoxide (C2H4).Reaction and justification.We must illustrate the primary product and the studio chemistry in order to provide a response. As a result, we shall start by drawing the oxide reactant.similar to this structure C. S. is therefore applied to this epoxy side. Two hash marks and three OHs. As a result, on the initial stage, the oxygen will be presented with the sole pair. Then we will get the prototype for a product that has been around for more than thirty years. And even this will occur according to plan.This relationship will now be broken, and three O. C. S. miners will assault from behind, resulting in the finished article you see here.To learn more about epoxide visit:
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I NEED HELP ASAPPPP
Once extracted and purified, 20.0 grams of a pure sample of
substance X is thermally decomposed at 840oC. The two products of this reaction are calcium oxide and carbon dioxide gas. Write a balanced chemical equation and calculate the mass of calcium oxide produced. Show your process.
BALANCED CHEMICAL EQUATION:
PROCESS:
Answer:
11.2 grams CaO
Explanation:
It appears that substance X may be calcium carbonate: CaCO3
CaCO3 can be thermally decomposed to CO2 and CaO in the following balanced reaction:
CaCO3(s) ⇒ CaO(s) + CO2(g) (with applied heat, 840°C)
The molar ratio between the product, CaO, and the reactant, CaCO3, is 1:1. If we start with 1 mole CaCO3, we should produce 1 mole of CaO.
We have 20.0 grams of substance X, which we'll label CaCO3. Calculate the moles of CaCO3 by using its molar mass of 100.1 grams/mole.
20.0 grams/(100.1 grams/mole) = 0.1998 or 0.200 moles of CaCO3.
This should produce, with a molar ratio of 1 to 1, 0.200 moles of CaO
Convert this to grams CaO by multiply by it's molar mass of 56.1 g/mole:
(0.200 moles)*(56.1 g/mole) = 11.2 grams CaO. Any less, then blame it on your lab partner. But don't try taking credit if you have more than 11.2 grams. Scraping debri off the counter into the beaker doesn't count.
When testing the temperature of catalase, what would happen if you changed the temperature using the same tube with the same catalase and hydrogen oxide mixture?.
The hydrogen bonds between molecules of hydrogen peroxide loosen as temperature rises toward the optimal point, facilitating catalase's reaction with the molecules. The enzyme denatures and its structure is affected if the temperature rises above the ideal level.
What is a catalase?The catalase is an enzyme that is responsible for reducing hydrogen peroxide.
What does catalase do?This enzyme is in charge of neutralizing hydrogen peroxide through its breakdownIt hence preserves an ideal level of the molecule in the cell that is also necessary for cellular signaling processesImportance of catalase enzyme:Almost every organism that is exposed to oxygen contains the very common enzyme catalase. In order to prevent oxidative damage, which can happen when cells or other molecules in the body come into contact with oxidative chemicals, catalase serves as a protective barrier in live cells.To learn more about catalase visit:
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The hydrogen bonds between molecules of hydrogen peroxide loosen as temperature rises toward the optimal point, facilitating catalase's reaction with the molecules. The enzyme denatures and its structure is affected if the temperature rises above the ideal level.
What is a catalase?The catalase is an enzyme that is responsible for reducing hydrogen peroxide.
What does catalase do?This enzyme is in charge of neutralizing hydrogen peroxide through its breakdownIt hence preserves an ideal level of the molecule in the cell that is also necessary for cellular signaling processesImportance of catalase enzyme:Almost every organism that is exposed to oxygen contains the very common enzyme catalase.In order to prevent oxidative damage, which can happen when cells or other molecules in the body come into contact with oxidative chemicals, catalase serves as a protective barrier in live cells.To learn more about catalase visit:
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A sample of aluminum metal is placed in a graduated cylinder. It is noted that 5.50 mL of water is displaced by the aluminum. The aluminum is then reacted with excess nitric acid to produce aluminum nitrate and hydrogen gas. Given the density for aluminum is 2.702 g/mL, how many grams of hydrogen gas are produced in the reaction
117.3 grams of hydrogen gas is produced in the reaction
What is Graduated cylinders?Graduated cylinders are long, slender vessels used for measuring the volumes of liquids. They are not intended for mixing, stirring, heating, or weighing. Graduated cylinders commonly range in size from 5 mL to 500 mL. Some can even hold volumes of more than a liter.
Density - density is the mass of a material substance per unit volume. d = M/V, where d is density, M is mass, and V is volume, is the formula for density. Grams per cubic centimetre are a typical unit of measurement for density.
2Al + 6 HCl = 2AlCl₃ + 3H₂
Density = mass / volume
2.702 g/mL = m / 5.50 mL
m = 14.861 g
mol Al = mass / molar mass
= 14.861 g / 26.98 g/mol
= 0.551 mol
So number of mol of aluminium nitrate formed will also be 0.551 mol
Mass of aluminium nitrate = mol x molar mass
= 0.551 mol x 212.996 g/mol
= 117.3 grams
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What is the true ratio of atoms in a molecule or formula unit called?
the molecular formula
the molar mass
the percent composition
the empirical formula
The true ratio of atoms in a molecule or formula unit is called molecular formula
What is empirical formula?This is the simplest formula that shows the ratio of the different atoms present in a compound.
What is molecular formula?This is the formula of a compound which gives the true or actual ratios of the different atoms present in a compound
What is molar mass?The molar mass of a compound is defined as the sum total of the molar masses of the different atoms present in the compound.
What is percentage composition?This gives the proportion of the different atoms present in a compound.
From the above definitions, we can conclude that the correct answer to the question is molecular formula
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CONCLUSIONS: Suppose a student titrated a sample of monoprotic acid of unknown concentration using a previously standardized solution of NaOH. volume of 0.125 M NaOH dispensed 24.68 mL volume of acid solution 50.00 mL Given the data in the table above, what is the concentration of the unknown acid?
Concentration of unknown acid is 0.061 M
Given:
Concentration of NaOH = 0.125 M
Volume of NaOH = 24.68 mL
Volume of acid solution = 50.00 mL
To Find:
Concentration of the unknown acid
Solution: Concentration is the abundance of a constituent divided by the total volume of a mixture. The concentration of the solution tells you how much solute has been dissolved in the solvent
Here we will use the formula for concentration:
M1V1 = M2V2
0.125 x 24.68 = 50 x M2
M2 = 0.125 x 24.68 / 50
M2 = 0.061 M
Hence, the concentration of unknown acid is 0.061 M
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A radioactive isotope is an isotope that
Considering the definition of radioisotope, a radioactive isotope is an isotope that contain an unstable combination of neutrons and protons, or excess energy in their nucleus.
What is isotopeAn atomic species is defined by the number of protons in the nucleus (called the atomic number, Z) and the total number of protons plus neutrons (called the mass number, A).
Isotopes are those atoms of an element with the same atomic number but different atomic mass, that is, with the same number of protons and therefore identical chemical properties, but different numbers of neutrons and different physical properties.
Isotopes can be stable and unstable or radioisotopes.
What is radioisotopeSo, a radioisotope is a chemical element whose nucleus is unstable, that is, in imbalance in the relationship between protons and neutrons. Due to this, this element releases the excess energy it contains in the form of ionizing radiation until this element reaches stability.
In summary, radioisotopes are the unstable form of an element that emits radiation to transform into a more stable form.
SummaryFinally, a radioactive isotope is an isotope that contain an unstable combination of neutrons and protons, or excess energy in their nucleus.
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Consider the reaction. At 298 K, the equilibrium concentration of O2 is 1.6 x 10-2 M, and the equilibrium concentration of O3 is 2.86 x 10-28 M. What is the equilibrium constant of the reaction at this temperature
The value of the equilibrium constant is 1.99 × [tex]10^-^5^0[/tex] .
Given:
Concentration of [tex]O_2 = 1.6[/tex] × [tex]10^-^2 M\\[/tex]
Concentration of [tex]O_3 = 2.86[/tex] × [tex]10^-^2^8 M[/tex]
A chemical reaction known as an equilibrium reaction occurs when the reactants remain in a stable condition both during and after the reaction.
The given balanced equilibrium reaction is,
[tex]3O_2 (g) = 2O_3 (g)[/tex]
The expression for equilibrium constant will be,
[tex]K_c = \frac{[O_3] ^2}{[O_2]^3}[/tex]
Now put all the given values in this formula, and we get
[tex]K_c = \frac{(2.86 * 10^-^2^8] ^2}{[1.6 * 10 ^-^2]^3}[/tex]
[tex]K_c = 1.99[/tex] × [tex]10^-^5^0[/tex]
Therefore, the value of the equilibrium constant is 1.99 × [tex]10^-^5^0[/tex] .
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Consider the balanced chemical equation when 18.3 g Al is reacted with 113 g I₂ to form AlI₃(g).
What is the mass in grams of the excess Al remaining after the partial reaction of 18.3 g Al with 113 g I₂?
2 Al(s) + 3 I₂(g) → 2 AlI₃(g)
Answer:
10.3 g Al
Explanation:
To find the excess mass of Al, you need to (1) convert grams I₂ to moles I₂ (via molar mass), then (2) convert moles I₂ to moles AlI₃ (via mole-to-mole ratio from equation coefficients), then (3) convert moles AlI₃ to grams AlI₃ (via molar mass). Now that you have the actual amount of AlI₃ produced, you need to (4) convert grams AlI₃ to moles AlI₃ (via molar mass), then (5) convert moles AlI₃ to moles Al (via mole-to-mole ratio from equation coefficients), and then (6) convert moles Al to grams Al (via molar mass). Now that you know the amount of Al actually needed to produce the product, you need to (7) find the excess mass of Al.
Molar Mass (Al): 26.982 g/mol
Molar Mass (I₂): 2(126.90 g/mol)
Molar Mass (I₂): 253.8 g/mol
Molar Mass (AlI₃): 26.982 g/mol + 3(126.90 g/mol)
Molar Mass (AlI₃): 407.682 g/mol
2 Al(s) + 3 I₂(g) -------> 2 AlI₃(g)
113 g I₂ 1 mole 2 moles AlI₃ 407.682 g
------------- x ---------------- x ---------------------- x ------------------- = 121 g AlI₃
253.8 g 3 moles I₂ 1 mole
121 g AlI₃ 1 mole 2 moles Al 26.982 g
--------------- x ------------------ x --------------------- x ----------------- = 8.01 g Al
407.682 g 2 moles AlI₃ 1 mole
Starting Amount - Mass Needed = Excess
18.3 g Al - 8.01 g Al = 10.3 g Al
How many grams of aluminum are required to react with 35 mL of 2.0 M hydrochloric acid, HCl?__ HCl + __ Al --> __ AlCl3 + __ H2
Answer:
0.6258 g
Explanation:
To determine the number grams of aluminum in the above reaction;
determine the number of moles of HCldetermine the mole ratio,use the mole ratio to calculate the number of moles of aluminum.use RFM of Aluminum to determine the grams required.Moles of HCl
35 mL of 2.0 M HCl
2 moles of HCl is contained in 1000 mL
x moles of HCl is contained in 35 mL
[tex]x \: mol \: = \: \frac{2 \: \times \: 35}{1000} \\ = 0.07 \: moles \: [/tex]
We have 0.07 moles of HCl.
Mole ratio
Balanced equation6HCl(aq) + 2Al(s) --> 2AlCl3(aq) + 3H2(g)
Hence mole ratio = 6 : 2 (HCl : Al
but moles of HCl is 0.07, therefore the moles of Al;[tex] = \frac{2}{6} \times 0.07 \\ \: = 0.0233333 \: moles[/tex]
Therefore we have 0.0233333 moles of aluminum.
Grams of Aluminum
We use the formula;
[tex]grams \: = moles \: \times \: rfm[/tex]
The RFM (Relative formula mass) of aluminum is 26.982g/mol.
Substitute values into the formula;
[tex] = 0.0233333 \: moles \: \times \: 26.982 \: \frac{g}{mol} \\ = 0.625799 \: grams[/tex]
The number of grams of aluminum required to react with HCl is 0.6258 g.
_____ is a buildup of fluid within the eye.
a. macular
b. degeneration
c. cataracts
d. glaucoma
e. osteoporosis
Glaucoma Is a buildup of fluid within the eye.
The optic nerve, which is necessary for clear vision, is harmed by a group of eye conditions collectively referred to as glaucoma. This injury typically happens as a result of an excessively high amount of pressure in your eye. Glaucoma is one of the leading causes of blindness in persons over 60. Glaucoma frequently results from high intraocular pressure. Diabetes, however, can also increase your risk of developing glaucoma. We'll go into more detail about the connection between diabetes and glaucoma in this piece. We'll also talk about some preventative steps you may take to help keep your eyes healthy. Loss of side or peripheral vision: Often, this is the first glaucoma symptom.
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Carbon disulfide is a linear molecule with two double bonds. According to valence bond theory, which orbitals on carbon are used for pi bonding?
According to valence bond theory, 2s and 2p orbital of carbon atom will be formed pi bonding.
One of it's two fundamental theories created to use quantum mechanics to describe chemical bonding would be the valence bond theory, and molecular orbital theory.
Eight valence electrons should be used to generate two double bonds in the CS2 molecule. As a result, it uses up eight of the 16 valence electrons. These valence electrons are located in the carbon atom's 2s and 2p orbitals, where they join to create a double bond.
Therefore, according to valence bond theory, 2s and 2p orbital of carbon atom will be formed pi bonding.
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(REALLY NEED HELP) What refers to the amount of electric force that could be created if the electric current were to flow?
electrical energy
electrical potential
electrical charge
electrical conduction
Answer:
electrical conduction
Explanation:
Given the following equation: __ Al(s) __ O2(g) --> __ Al2O3(s) When the equation is correctly balanced using smallest whole numbers, the coefficient of Al(s) is:
Answer:
The coefficient for Al(s) is 2.
Explanation:
__ Al(s) __ O2(g) --> __ Al2O3(s)
__ Al(s) __ O2(g) --> 1 Al2O3(s)
1 Al(s) __ O2(g) --> 1 Al2O3(s)
1 Al(s) + 1.5 O2(g) --> 1 Al2O3(s) [Use a fraction to make it balance]
2 Al(s) + 3 O2(g) --> 2 Al2O3(s) [Convert the 1.5 fraction to a whole number by multiplying all coefficients by 2]
Influence of bromine and iodine chemistry on annual, seasonal, diurnal, and background ozone: CMAQ simulations over the Northern Hemisphere
It does not have a strong seasonal influence on ozone over the Northern Hemisphere.
OzoneThree oxygen atoms make up ozone, a highly reactive gas. The stratosphere, the upper atmosphere of the planet, and the lower atmosphere both include this naturally occurring and artificial substance (the troposphere). Ozone has an impact on life on Earth, but only depending on where it resides in the atmosphere.
Molecular oxygen and solar ultraviolet (UV) light interact to naturally create stratospheric ozone. The "ozone layer," which is located 6 to 30 miles above the Earth's surface, decreases the quantity of dangerous UV light that reaches the surface.
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C3H8 has a boiling point than C2H6
Answer:
C₃H₈ has a higher boiling point than C₂H₆
Explanation:
The boiling point is the temperature at which the intermolecular bonds holding molecules in liquid form are overcome and change the state into a gas. C₃H₈ experiences stronger intermolecular bonds then C₂H₆ because it has more carbons. While the strength of each bond is the same between the two molecules, C₃H₈ has more opportunities to create these bonds due to the higher carbon count. The more bountiful the intermolecular bonds, the more energy is needed to overcome them all. Thus, C₃H₈ has a higher boiling point.