Following are the effects of acid rain.
What is Acid Rain?
Acid rain is caused by the accumulation of nitric and sulfuric acids in the atmosphere. These compounds are strong acids and are very soluble in water, dissolving in droplets in clouds.
Limestone effect:
Calcium carbonate, [Ca][CO3], is a very common mineral. A limestone is a well-known form of calcium carbonate. The acid contained in acid rain reacts with carbonate ions and promotes the dissolution of calcium carbonate.
This will create a bicarbonate solution. The presence of limestone and other calcium carbonates in lakes and streams helps maintain a constant pH as the mineral reacts with excess acidity. However, acid rain can eventually exceed the buffering capacity of surface waters.
How does acid rain affect buildings made of marble and limestone?
It is mainly affected in 2 ways: dissolution and alteration. Calcite dissolves when sulfuric, sulfuric and nitric acids in polluted air react with calcite in marble and limestone. Exposed areas of buildings and statues show rough surfaces, worn materials, and loss of sculptural detail. Stoneface material can be lost anywhere or only in more reactive areas.
Hence, this is how acid rain affects.
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Which of the following functional groups of an amino acid would be in the ionized state at high pH? O -CH3 O O II -CNH2 O -CH2-OH O O -С-ОН O -CH2
Three amino acids have basic side chains when the pH is neutral. These are histidine, lysine, and arginine (Arg). The ability of a molecule to function as an acid or base is influenced by functional groups that donate or take protons.
Only glutamine is a zwitterionic amino acid at pH 7. An amino acid's structure enables it to function as both an acid and a base at a certain pH level. At a certain pH level that differs from one amino acid to the next, almost all amino acids exist as zwitterions. Because the p- electron of the oxygen atom moving causes resonance in the carboxylate ion, carboxylic acids are easily ionized.
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correct option is (-COOH), A higher pH would cause the (-COOH) functional groups of an amino acid to be ionised. Proteins are made up of substances called amino acids.
Anion acid has two functional groups: an amino group (-NH2) and a carboxylic acid group (-cooH). They manifest as zwitter ions when the pH is neutral. The amino acid is protonated at low pH, which means it gains a proton or H+ at the NH 2 group. The solution is acidic at low pH levels and basic at high pH levels. The amino acid is deprotonated at high pH levels, which means it removes one proton or H+ from the carboxyl group. As a result, the carboxyl group is ionised at high pH while the amine group is ionised at low pH.
hence the appropriate choice is (-COOH).
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Consider the rate law below.
R=K[(CH3)3 CBr] [H₂0]⁰
What is the overall order of the reactants in this reaction?
00
1
02
03
Answer: The overall order of a reaction is the sum of the exponents of the concentrations of the reactants in the rate law.
Given the rate law R = K[(CH3)3 CBr] [H₂0]⁰, we can see that the reactant [(CH3)3 CBr] has an exponent of 1 and the reactant [H₂0] has an exponent of 0. To find the overall order of the reactants, we add the exponents:
1 + 0 = 1
Therefore, the overall order of the reactants in this reaction is 1.
he mineral rhodochrosite [manganese(II) carbonate, MnCO3] is a commercially important source of manganese. Write a half-reaction for the oxidation of the manganese in MnCO3 to MnO2 in neutral groundwater where the principal carbonate species is HCO3–. Add H2O, H+, and electrons as needed to balance the half-reaction.
include states of matter
Half-reaction for the oxidation of the manganese in MnCO3 to MnO2 in neutral groundwater is : MnCO₃ + 2H₂O → MnO₂ + HCO₃⁻ + 2e- + 3H+
What is half reaction?A half-reaction is the part of overall reaction that represents, either oxidation or a reduction.
MnCO₃ → MnO₂ + HCO₃⁻
This equation is not balanced.
Oxidation number of Mn changes from +2 in MnCO₃ to +4 in MnO₂ , thus two electrons must be added to the right.
Then the equation becomes; MnCO₃ → MnO₂ + HCO₃⁻ + 2e-
In terms of electrons, now the reaction is balanced. But, in terms of charges it is not.
In reactant side, total charge = 0 and in the product side, total charge = -1 + (-2) = -3
To balance the excess negative charge, add add 3 H+ on the product side; MnCO₃ → MnO₂ + HCO₃⁻ + 2e- + 3H+
In terms of charges, now the reaction is balanced but in terms of atoms it is not.
There is excesses of Hydrogen and Oxygen atoms. So, to balance this, add H20 to the reactant side to balance H and O atoms
This gives; MnCO₃ + 2H₂O → MnO₂ + HCO₃⁻ + 2e- + 3H+
Now, the equation is balanced.
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How much heat is transferred per mole of NH3(g) formed in the reaction shown below?
N2(g) + 3 H2(g) ? 2 NH3(g) ?H = – 92.2 kJ
heat transferred per mole of NH3(g) formed in the reaction shown below N2(g) + 3 H2(g) ? 2 NH3(g) ?H = – 92.2 kJ is -46.1 kJ/mole.
The heat transferred per mole of NH3(g) formed in the reaction can be calculated using the enthalpy change (ΔH) of the reaction, which is given as -92.2 kJ. The reaction is:
N2(g) + 3 H2(g) → 2 NH3(g). The coefficient of NH3(g) in the balanced equation is 2. Therefore, 2 moles of NH3(g) are formed for every mole of N2(g) and 3 moles of H2(g) that react. So, the heat transferred per mole of NH3(g) formed is -92.2 kJ/2 moles = -46.1 kJ/mole.
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The table shows several useful salts formed from reactions between different acids and bases. In order, these salts are used to control dust on roads, absorb water in antiperspirants, disinfect materials, and detect radiation. Use the pattern shown in the table to answer the question.
Name of Salt Formula of Acid Formula of Base Formula of Salt
Magnesium chloride HCl Mg(OH)2 MgCl2
Aluminum nitrate HNO3 Al(OH)3 Al(NO3)3
Sodium bromide HBr NaOH NaBr
Lithium fluoride ? ? LiF
Which two formulas will correctly complete the table for lithium fluoride?
The chemical formula of salt can be easily understood from the formulas of the acid and base from which it is formed. The salt LiF is formed from the acid LiOH and HF.
What is acid-base reaction ?An acid -base reaction is called neutralization reaction because, the acidity and basicity of the two compounds is vanishing. Neutralization reactions gives the product called salts.
Acids donate their protons to the base and bases donate their electrons to acids forming the salt.
Lithium fluoride is salt formed from the acid -base reaction of hydrofluoric acid and lithium hydroxide. the reaction can be written as:
LiOH + HF → LiF + H₂O
Hence. the two missing formulas are LiOH and HF.
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Which of the following sets of elements have the [noble gas]ns2np2 valence electron configuration?
A. C, Si, Ge, Sn, Pb
B. F, Cl, Br, I, At
C. N, P, As, Sb, Bi
D. O, S, Se, Te, Po
E. Ti, Zr, Hf
Electronically, group 14 elements have the [noble gas]ns2 np2 general valence shell configuration. As a result, Option (a) is accurate. Sn, Pb, Ge, Si, and C
How is the right electron configuration written?The shell number (n) is the first symbol used to represent an electron configuration, followed by the kind of orbital and the superscript number of electrons in the orbital. Consider this: The periodic table reveals that oxygen contains eight electrons.
What are the four basic guidelines for expressing electron configurations?Orbital occupancy, the Pauli exclusion principle, Hund's rule, and the Aufbau process are known to be the primary "tools" we have for expressing electron configurations. Orbitals are occupied in a particular sequence,
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Solids have a __________ shape and are not appreciably __________.
Select one:
a. sharp, convertible
b. indefinite, compressible
c. indefinite, incompressible
d. definite, compressible
e. definite, incompressible
Answer:
e. definite, incompressible
What is the hybridization of the bold atom in CH3CO2−?
What is the hybridization of the underlined atom in ?
sp
sp2
sp3
sp3d
sp3d2
The bold atom in CH3CO2? has an sp3 hybridization. The bold atom in PH4+ is hybridized as sp2. In AlF3, sp3 is the hybridization of the atom in bold.
Describe an atom.An atom is a particular kind of material particle that makes up a chemical element. The core nucleus of an atom is surrounded by either a positively charged electron or a large number of negatively charged electrons. There could be neutrons, two rather large particles that make up the positively charged nucleus.
What led to Atom's shutdown?Even while the objective of growing the software maker community still exists, we have decided to forgo Atom in order to strengthen our commitment to providing efficient and dependable application development to the cloud utilizing Microsoft's Visual Code and GitHub Codespaces.
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In a reaction, 2-methylbutan-1-ol is oxidised by potassium
dichromate.
Name and draw (as displayed
formula) the two products of this reaction.
Answer:
Explanation:
Alcohols can be oxidised by a variety of oxidising agents. Sodium or potassium dichromate acidified with dilute sulphuric acid can bring about oxidation in straight chained alcohols.
Answer:
2-methylbutan-1-ol is oxidised by potassium dichromate: 2-methylbutan-1-ol + [O] ==> 2-methylbutan-1-al + water CH3CH2CH(CH3) CH2OH + [O] ==> CH3CH2CH(CH3) CHO + H2O
Explanation:
A sample of milk in water appears cloudy and displays the Tyndall effect. It does not settle over time. How would the milk mixture be classified?
A. homogeneous mixture (solution)
B. heterogeneous mixture (suspension)
C. colloid
The milk mixture can be classified as colloid if the sample of milk in water does not settle over time.The option is C
What is colloid?Colloid is a mixture in which one substance consisting of microscopically dispersed insoluble particles is suspended throughout another substance.
There are types of Colloids such as :
Sol – It is a suspension of minute solid particles in a liquid.Emulsion – It is a colloid between two or more liquid with one consisting a dispersion of another liquid.Foam – It consists of gas dispersed in solid or liquid.Aerosol – It consists of a minute liquid or solid particles in a gasTherefore colloid is a mixture that has particles ranging between 1 and 1000 nanometers in diamete yet are still able to remain evenly distributed. Colloids are heterogeneous in nature.
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Which of the following will remove aniline from & solution of aniline in diethyl ether? A. aqueous KBr B. aqueous HCI C. aqueous NaOH D. aqueous MgSOa E. aqueous CH:CO-Na
An amine called aniline (17) is soluble in diethyl ether but not in water; nonetheless, aniline can be obtained from diethyl ether by treating it with aqueous hydrochloric acid.
What compounds are soluble in diethyl ether?Diethyl aniline is an odourless, colourless to yellow liquid. It functions as a dyestuff intermediary and in organic synthesis. Diethyl aniline is listed as a hazardous substance because DOT, NFPA, and EPA have all mentioned it.
The amine aniline (17) may be separated from diethyl ether using aqueous hydrochloric acid, despite the fact that aniline is soluble in diethyl ether but not water.
The extensive range of chemical molecules, both polar and non-polar, that ethers like diethyl ether dissolve. Because ethers don't have a hydrogen bonding network that needs to be broken up to dissolve the solute, non-polar substances are often more soluble in diethyl ether than alcohols.
Therefore, the correct answer is option b) aqueous HCl.
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When ADP accumulates, what is the effect on the rate of metabolic chemical reactions?
Speeds them up
Slows them down
Has no effect
The accumulation of ADP (adenosine diphosphate) affects the rate of metabolic chemical reactions by slowing them down.
What is chemical reaction?
A chemical reaction is a process that leads to the transformation of one set of chemical substances to another. It involves the breaking and forming of chemical bonds, resulting in the formation of new substances with different properties. Chemical reactions are essential for many processes in nature, including respiration, digestion, and photosynthesis.
ADP is a by-product of the energy-producing reactions that take place in cells. This by-product can build up and inhibit the activity of enzymes involved in these metabolic reactions. Therefore, an accumulation of ADP can slow down the rate of metabolic chemical reactions.
However, the rate of metabolic chemical reactions can also be sped up by the presence of ADP. This occurs when the cellular metabolic processes become inhibited by the presence of ADP and require a boost to be activated again. In this case, the presence of ADP can activate enzymes and thus speed up the rate of metabolic chemical reactions.
In sum, the accumulation of ADP can either slow down or speed up the rate of metabolic chemical reactions, depending on the current state of the metabolic process.
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What happens to water removed from a flowback well?
An injection into a deep well may have issues if it contaminates the water below the surface.
Injecting waste water into subterranean rock layers can be challenging if there are numerous wells nearby. Take porous sandstone as an example, which has tiny openings. Sandstone can be penetrated by water at high pressure, such as waste water from fracking, which can also move with subsurface water. To inject fluid underground into porous geologic formations, an injection well is used. These underground features could be anything from a tiny layer of soil to substantial sandstone or limestone. Examples of injected fluids include water, wastewater, brine (salt water), and water that has been mixed with chemicals. The pollution that fracking sites release, which contributes to health issues including asthma, children leukemia, heart illnesses, and others, is one of the consequences of fracking that deeply worries me.
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The activation energy for the gas phase decomposition of 2-bromopropane is 212 kJ.
The rate constant at 694 K is . The rate constant will be
at 732 K.
In cases where the activation energy seems large, there are few effective collisions and the reaction proceeds slowly. the rate constant at 732 K is 6.06×10⁻⁴s⁻¹.
What is activation energy?Chemical processes like the combustion of gas in air or perhaps the combustion of oxygen or hydrogen gases are well known to us. Without providing the responding system with energy in some form, this cannot happen. Therefore, additional energy must be provided to the reactants so that they can reach the threshold energy.
This indicates that if a reaction's activation energy is low, lots of molecules have it, and there are plenty of effective collisions, the reaction will occur. The response moves along quickly. In cases where the activation energy seems large, there are few effective collisions and the reaction proceeds slowly.
ln(k1/k2)=−Ea/R(1/T2−1/T1)
k1= 9.41×10⁻⁴s⁻¹ at 694 K
Ea =212 kJ
substituting all the given values in the above equation, we get
ln(k1/k2)=−Ea/R(1/T2−1/T1)
k2=6.06×10⁻⁴s⁻¹ at 732 K
Therefore, the rate constant at 732 K is 6.06×10⁻⁴s⁻¹.
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Genetic diversity is advantageous to a species because it:
leads to a smaller gene pool.
increases a species’ ability to adapt and survive.
decreases the number of organisms competing for resources.
makes organisms more susceptible to disease.
Answer:
increase a species ability to adapt and surviveExplanation:
hope this was helpful
How many grams of beryllium chloride must be added to .2 L of water to make a 0.030 M solution?
According to molar concentration, 0.479 g of beryllium chloride must be added to 0 .2 L of water to make a 0.030 M solution.
What is molar concentration?
Molar concentration is defined as a measure by which concentration of chemical substances present in a solution are determined. It is defined in particular reference to solute concentration in a solution . Most commonly used unit for molar concentration is moles/liter.
Molar concentration is calculated by the formula, molar concentration=mass/ molar mass ×1/volume of solution in liters.In terms of moles, it's formula is given as molar concentration= number of moles /volume of solution in liters.
Substituting values in above formula,mass=0.030×79.91×0.2=0.479 g.
Thus, the mass of beryllium chloride that must be added to 0.2 L of water to make a 0.030 M solution is 0.479 g.
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A chemical reaction occurs when
H2O(g) forms H2O(l)
O2(g) forms O3(g)
O2(l) forms O2(s)
H2O(l) forms H2O(s)
A chemical reaction occurs when: H2O g → H2O l -- Exothermic ; O2(g) forms O3(g)-- Endothermic ; O2(l) forms O2(s)-- Endothermic and H2O(l) forms H2O(s) -- Exothermic.
What are endothermic and exothermic reactions?When steam or water vapor condenses to liquid water, then heat is released. And, the process is called exothermic.
The substance changing from liquid to gas is an example of endothermic reaction. This is because it absorbs energy to change from liquid to gas. Movement of water from liquid to gas is an example of this type of reaction and when water changes from liquid to gas, this is called evaporation.
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What is the pH of a 7.5 × 10^-3 M Ba(OH)2 solution at 25°C?
0.015
1.82
12.18
11.88
The pH of a 7.5 × 10^-3 M Ba(OH)2 solution at 25°C : c)12.18 . Hence c) is the correct option.
What do you understand by pH?In chemistry, pH is a scale used to specify the acidity or basicity of an aqueous solution. pH is measured on scale of 0 to 14. pH value of 7 is neutral, which implies it is neither acidic nor basic. pH value of less than 7 means it is more acidic and pH value of more than 7 means it is more basic.
Ba(OH)2 -> Ba 2+ + 2OH-
7.5 × 10^-3 x 2 = 0.015 mol/L OH-
pOH = -log ( 0.015) = 1.823
pOH + pH = 14
pH = 14 - 1.823 = 12.18
pH is 12.18.
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determine if either isomer of [fe(co)3cl3] is optically active.
None of the isomers of [fe(co)3cl3]are optically active.
We need to check for symmetry in the isomers in order to determine whether they are optically active. They are either optically inactive if they have symmetry or optically active if they do not. The mirror image method and the symmetry method are the two options. For the mirror image approach, the isomer is optically active if the chemical is non-superposable, or not identical to its mirror image. There are two isomers of the compound [Fe(CO)3Cl3]: a fac and a mer. Since the two structures in the case of the fac isomer are the same, it has no optical activity. Since the mer isomer are identical, it is also not optically active. This demonstrates that there are no optically active isomers.
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Topic: Washing Machine Durability We wanted to test which brand of washing machine (Warp-pool, Sam's Sung, or GEE) was the most durable. Experiment(al) Design: For our experiment we bought three brand new Washing Machines. A Warp-pool, Sam's Sung, and a GEE. We loaded each washing machine with 50 clay bricks. We ran all of the washing machines at the same time, non-stop, and recorded how long it took each one to break down. We recorded that data in the Table 1. Data: Brand of Washing Machine Length of time till it stopped working Warp-pool 10 Days, 5 Hours and 3 minutes Sam's Sung 2 months, 13 hours and 52 minutes GEE 1 month, 2 hours, and 32 minutes. Question at position 3 3 10 points Question at position 3 Describe your reasoning for writing the claim that you did. Response Expectations: Write in complete sentences. Your response should be a few sentences in length. I should be able to understand your reasoning clearly.
The claim that "GEE washing machine is more durable than Warp-pool and Sam's Sung washing machines" is based on the experimental data gathered from the test. The data shows that the GEE washing machine was able to run for a longer period of time before breaking down, compared to the Warp-pool and Sam's Sung washing machines. With only 1 month, 2 hours, and 32 minutes of running time, GEE washing machine outlived the other two brands, which were able to run for 10 days, 5 hours, and 3 minutes and 2 months, 13 hours, and 52 minutes respectively. This indicates that the GEE washing machine is more durable and can withstand more wear and tear compared to the other two brands.
Indicate the hybridization about each interior atom in CH_3NH_2 (skeletal structure H_3CNH_2). a. C(sp^2):N(sp^3) b. C (sp^2): N (sp^2) c. C (sp^3): N (sp^2)
d. C (sp^3): N (sp^3)
Carbon and Nitrogen are present as the central atoms in CH3NH2. Carbon forms sigma bonds with Nitrogen and three surrounding Hydrogen atoms.
Indicate the hybridization about each interior atom?The carbon atom acquires an sp3 hybridization state as a result. With the nearby atoms, nitrogen forms three sigma bonds. Methanamine is the substance mentioned. The inner atoms of the given molecule are carbon and nitrogen. To determine whether carbon and nitrogen are hybridised, we must first write down their electrical configurations.
The electrical configuration of carbon is and its atomic number is six. of one s orbital and three p orbitals. All four of the hybrid orbitals are used for bonding.
Carbon has undergone sp3 hybridization as a result. Nitrogen has an atomic number of seven and an electronic configuration of 1s22s22p3. One s orbital and three p orbitals combine to generate four through hybridization.
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Bromination of an alkene by N-bromosuccinimide (NBS) in the presence of light or peroxide is a radical reaction and produces an allylic bromide. For the following bromination of 3-methylcyclopentene, select the allylic bromides from the set at the right that would be products of the reaction.
Which structures are products of this reaction? (Select all that apply.)
O A
O B
O C
O D
O E
O F
O G
The structures A, B, C and D are allylic bromides that are products of the reaction. Hence, Option A, B, C, D is the correct answer. And Option E, F, G are not allylic bromides, they are not formed as products of the reaction.
The bromination of an alkene with N-bromosuccinimide (NBS) in the presence of light or peroxide is a radical reaction that occurs at the allylic position of the alkene. The allylic radical intermediate is formed by cleavage of the N-Br bond in NBS and attack of the radical on the alkene. This reaction generates an allylic bromides as the final product.
The structure of 3-methylcyclopentene is:
H3C CH2
\ |
CH CH2
/ |
H3C CH2
The structures A, B, C and D are allylic bromides that are products of the reaction.
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Consider these chemical equations.
N2(g) + 3H2(g) → 2NH3(g)
C(s) + 2H2(g) → CH4(g)
4H2(g) + 2C(s) + N2(g) → 2HCN(g) + 3H2(g)
Which equation(s) do you need to reverse in order to calculate the overall equation for the formation of HCN and H2 from NH3 and CH4? Check all that apply.
N2(g) + 3H2(g) Right arrow. 2NH3(g)
C(s) + 2H2(g) Right arrow. CH4(g)
4H2(g) + 2C(s) + N2(g) Right arrow. 2HCN(g) + 3H2
Equations A and B would need to be reversed.
Which equations are reversed?
We know that sometimes, we can only be able to obtain the correct equations when we can be able to sift through the equations that have been given as we have in this case.
Let it be known that the equation of the reactions do occur in steps and the end product would be the formation of the HCN. We have to reverse some of the reactions in order to obtain the equation that is desired in the question above as by the use of the adding of equations.
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Valence bond theory predicts that tin will use _____ hybrid orbitals in SnCl3-.
A) sp B) sp2 C) sp3 D) sp3d E) sp3d2
Answer:C
Explanation:
Which of the following pollutant gases is not produced directly in a combustion engine?
a. CO
b. CO2
c. O3
d. NO
e. NO2
The following polluting gases do not directly create O3 in a combustion engine.
What three gases are present in your home?Therefore, either propane, butane, or a combination of the two is the type of gas used in dwellings. Natural gas (also known as mains gas) and compressed natural gas (CNG), both of which include methane, are the two types of gas used in homes. Hydrocarbon gases include propane, butane, and natural gas.
Which common gases are there?Common gases include oxygen, nitrogen, sulphur dioxide, argon, and a few more substances. See how these chemicals are used in daily life and how they assist us in the paragraphs below.
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State where metals are found in the periodic table.
Answer:
The metals are to the left of the line except for hydrogen because it is a nonmetal
Explanation:
The oxidation of 3 mol of glucose by the pentose phosphate pathway may result in the production of:
A) 2 mol of pentose, 4 mol of NADPH, and 8 mol of CO2.
B) 3 mol of pentose, 4 mol of NADPH, and 3 mol of CO2.
C) 3 mol of pentose, 6 mol of NADPH, and 3 mol of CO2.
D) 4 mol of pentose, 3 mol of NADPH, and 3 mol of CO2.
E) 4 mol of pentose, 6 mol of NADPH, and 6 mol of CO2.
C) The oxidation of 3 mol of glucose by the pentose phosphate pathway may result within the generation of 3 mol of pentose, 6 mol of NADPH, and 3 mol of CO2.
How numerous NADPH are created in pentose phosphate pathway?2 NADPH Four modes of the pentose phosphate pathway, each adapted to the era of a item required by a specific cell. In mode 1, 1 atom of glucose-6-phosphate (G6P) makes 5 particles of ribose-5-phosphate (5R5P). In mode 2, 1 particle of G6P makes 1 atom of R5P and 2 NADPH.
How numerous atoms of glucose-6-phosphate are recovered in pentose phosphate pathway?In add up to, a arrangement of PPP responses cycle 6 particles of glucose-6-phosphate to 5 particles of glucose-6-phosphate, 12 NADPH and 6 CO2 [18]. Figure 4.4 appears a conspire of all responses inside the PPP. NADPH is primarily utilized for greasy corrosive amalgamation, pyruvate oxidation to malate, and the decrease of glutathione.
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In the experiment shown schematically below, a beam of neutral atoms is passed through a magnetic field. Atoms that have unpaired electrons are deflected in different directions in the magnetic field depending on the value of the electron spin quantum number. In the experiment illustrated, we envision that a beam of hydrogen atoms splits into two beams. (a) What is the significance of the observation that the single beam splits into two beams? (b) What do you think would happen if the strength of the magnet were increased? (c) What do you think would happen if the beam of hydrogen atoms were replaced with a beam of helium atoms? Why? (d) The relevant experiment was first performed by Otto Stern and Walter Gerlach in $1921 .$ They used a beam of Ag atoms in the experiment. By considering the electron configuration of a silver atom, explain why the single beam splits into two beams.
In the experiment illustrated, we envision that a beam of hydrogen atoms splits into two beams:
The significance of the observation that the single beam splits into two beams is the experimental evidence for orbital angular momentum.The beam might appears earlier as the magnetic field strength increases.If the beam of hydrogen atoms were replaced with a beam of helium atoms, it will have no effect under a magnetic field, known as the diamagnetic effect. There is one electron in the 5s orbital, splitting it into two possible magnetic spin quantum numbers, and the paramagnetic effect Indicates +1/2 and -1/2 or less of the magnetic field.What is diamagnetic effect?Diamagnetism is a quantum mechanical effect that occurs in all materials. A material is said to be diamagnetic if it is the only contribution to magnetism. In paramagnetic and ferromagnetic materials, the weak diamagnetic force is overcome by the attractive force of the magnetic dipoles within the material .
(a) Hydrogen may split into two beams with magnetic spin quantum numbers of +1/2 and -1/2. So suppose a jet of hydrogen splits into two jets as it passes through the magnetic field. The significance of the observation is therefore the experimental evidence for orbital angular momentum.
(b) Already has two magnetic spin quantum numbers, so there is no change in the splitting of the ray as the magnetic field increases, but it only appears earlier as the magnetic field increases.
(c) Helium has an electron configuration of 1s² and an atomic number of 2. Because these electrons are paired, these paired electrons have no effect under a magnetic field, known as the diamagnetic effect.
(d) If we carry out experiments with silver with the electron configuration [Kr]4d¹⁰5s¹ and atomic number 47, there is one electron in the 5s orbital, splitting it into two possible magnetic spin quantum numbers, and the paramagnetic effect Indicates +1/2 and -1/2 or less of the magnetic field.
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Boyle's Law states that when a sample of gas is compressed at a constant temperature the product of the pressure and the volume remains constant PV = C.
a. Find the rate of change of volume with respect to pressure.
b. A sample of gas is in a contain at low pressure and is steady compressed at constant temperature for 11 minutes is the volume decreasing more rapidly at the beginning or the end of the 11 minutes? Explain.
From the formula dV/dP we see that as P increases the absolute value of dV/dP (increase, remains constant, decreases) thus the volume is more rapidly (increasing, decreasing, remains constant) at the beginning.
c. Write the formula for isothermal compressibility in terms of P.
a) The rate of change of volume with respect to pressure is -C/P².
b) The P is in the denominator and when the denominator will increase, the value of the function will decrease.
c) The formula for isothermal compressibility in terms of P is 18/P.
Boyle's law: what is it?When a gas is maintained at a constant temperature, it behaves according to Boyle's Law, a fundamental chemistry principle. According to the law, a gas's volume is inversely related to the pressure it exerts at a given temperature.
a. According to the Boyle's law, we have
PV = C
V = C/P = CP⁻¹
So using the chain rule, the rate of change of volume with respect to pressure is
dV/dP = C×(-1P⁻¹⁻¹)
dV/dP = C×(-1P⁻²)
dV/dP = -C/P²
(b) From the formula for dV/dP, we see that as P increases,
the absolute value of dV/dP decreases
Given that P is in the denominator, the value of the function will decrease as the denominator increases. Consequently, the volume starts off rising more quickly.
thus the volume is increasing more rapidly at the begininh.
(c) The formula for the isothermal compressibility is given by
β = -1/V dV/dP
β = -1/V (-C/P²)
β = C/VP²
β = C/PV.P
β = C/C.P
β = 18/P.
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HELPPP
Engineering includes the study of:
science, math, universe, and history
science, universe, space, and logic
science, math, logic, and economics
science, math, history, and space
Engineering includes the study of science, universe, space, and logic and is therefore denoted as option B.
What is Engineering?This is referred to as the branch of science and technology concerned with the design, building, and use of engines, machines, and structures which helps to make work easier and faster.
It is also studied in schools and has various divisions such as mechanical, chemical engineering etc and it involves the study of science, universe, space, and logic which are encountered when dealing with this broad subject and is therefore the reason why option B was chosen as the most correct choice.
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