Mean wage for the job is at lest $15 per hour. a sample of 25 shows a mean of $13 per hour. if the sample standard deviation is 5, for alpha=.05, reject H₀ hypothesis.
The null hypothesis (H₀) states that the average hourly wage for the position is $15 or more. The alternative hypothesis (Ha) is that the average hourly wage for the position is less than $15.
We need to examine whether the difference is statistically significant at the hypothesized mean of $15 per hour. The sample size is 25, and the standard deviation is 5. To test the null hypothesis, we can use a one-sample t-test. The crucial t-value for alpha = 0.05 is -1.711. We reject the null hypothesis if the estimated t-value is less than -1.711.
As a result, the significance of the sample standard deviation is 5, for alpha=.05, to reject H₀ hypothesis are the aforementioned.
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Your question is incomplete, but most probably the full question was.
Mean wage for the job is at least $15 per hour, a sample of 25 shows a mean of $13 per hour. If the sample standard deviation is 5, for alpha = 0.05, you (blank) hypothesis:
a. Accept Hab. Accept H₀c. Reject Had. Reject H₀Ncic operates under shared management between the _____ and the _____ in each state.
NCIC operates under a shared management concept between the FBI and federal, state, local, and tribal criminal justice users under provisions of the Federal Advisory Committee Act of 1972.
The NCIC is a computerized database of documented criminal justice information available to law enforcement agencies nationwide. NCIC also prompts disclosure of information in the system from other criminal justice agencies about crimes and criminals.
This information assists authorized agencies in criminal justice and related law enforcement objectives, such as apprehending fugitives, locating missing persons, locating and returning stolen property, as well as in the protection of the law enforcement officers encountering the individuals described in the system.
Data contained in NCIC is provided by the FBI, federal, state, local and foreign criminal justice agencies, and authorized courts. Users access the NCIC computer located at FBI headquarters through regional or State computer systems or with direct tie-ins to the NCIC computer. The data is stored in 12 files: article, boat, Canadian warrant, gun, interstate identification index, license plate, missing person, securities, U.S. Secret Service Protective, unidentified person, vehicle, and wanted person.
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In _____, a defined target population is ordered in some way, usually in the form of a taxpayer roll, customer list, or membership roster, and selected systematically. Multiple choice question.
In systematic random sampling, a defined target population is ordered in some way, usually in the form of a taxpayer roll, customer list, or membership roster, and selected systematically.
What is Sampling?The sample is the group of individuals who will actually participate in the research.
There are two types of sampling methods:
Probability sampling
Involves random selection, allowing you to make strong statistical inferences about the whole group.
Non-probability sampling
Involves non-random selection based on convenience or other criteria, allowing you to easily collect data.
How many types of Probability Sample ?There are four main types of probability sample:
Simple random samplingSystematic samplingStratified samplingCluster samplingWhat is Simple random sampling?In simple random sampling (SRS), each sampling unit of a population has an equal chance of being included in the sample. Consequently, each possible sample also has an equal chance of being selected. To select a simple random sample, you need to list all of the units in the survey population.
Therefore, we can conclude that the correct option is A.
Your question is incomplete, but most probably your full question was:
In _____, a defined target population is ordered in some way, usually in the form of a taxpayer roll, customer list, or membership roster, and selected systematically. Multiple choice question.
A. Simple random sampling
B. Systematic sampling
C. Stratified sampling
D. Cluster sampling
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A firm's opportunity costs of production are equal to its?
A firm's opportunity costs of production are equal to its explicit costs plus implicit costs plus total revenue.
What is opportunity cost?This is the alternative that is foregone by a person due to the fact that they have made another choice.
In the firm the opportunity cost of production is equal to explicit costs plus implicit costs plus total revenue..
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The firm's opportunity cost of production comprises implicit costs and explicit costs
C) explicit costs + implicit costs
What is opportunity costs of production?
The opportunity costs of production is the sum of the firm's implicit and explicit costs.
Implicit costs refer to benefits forgone, the benefits the firm has to forgo in order to produce its output, whereas explicit cost means out of pocket expenses, when both are added together, it gives the firm's opportunity cost of production.
The question is missing the following options:
A) explicit costs only
B) implicit costs only
C) explicit costs + implicit costs
D) explicit costs + implicit costs + total revenue
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If the price elasticity of demand for gift wrap is 0.8, then a 5% increase in the price of gift wrap will decrease the quantity demanded of gift wrap by?
16% and gift wrap sellers total revenue will decrease. Elasticity of demand is a significant variation on the concept of demand. Elastic, inelastic, or unitary demand can be classified. An elastic demand is one in which the change in quantity demanded as a result of a price change is large.
When the change in price is relatively small as compared to change in quantity demanded, the demand is said to be inelastic. Close substitutes for a product influence demand elasticity.
If consumers can easily substitute another product for your product, they will quickly switch to the other product if the price of your product rises or the price of the other product falls.
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Sidney Crosby, a famous hockey player, is paid $10 million to wear Reebok ice-skates. Reebok hopes this will increase sales of their skates due to:
The reason why Reebok believes that Sidney Crosby wearing their ice-skates will increase sales is due to Classical Conditioning.
How will classical conditioning increase sales?Classical conditioning leads to people associating a certain stimulus with a certain effect.
Classical conditioning would therefore lead to people associating Reebok to Sidney Crosby and so they will buy more skates because of this association.
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If two projects (investments) a and b are said to be mutually exclusive, then we know that the firm:______.
If two projects (investments) a and b are said to be mutually exclusive, then we know that the firm must choose to invest in either A or B, but not both.
The term "mutually exclusive projects" is typically used in the capital budgeting process where firms select one project from a range of projects based on specific criteria, with the approval of one project resulting in the rejection of the other projects.
Capital projects that compete head-to-head are said to be mutually exclusive. Projects X and Y are said to be mutually exclusive, for instance, if a management must choose precisely between completing either project X or Y, but not both of them simultaneously.
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What is the term for the point where your business earns more money than it spends, and begins to become profitable
The term "bottom line" is commonly used in connection with actions that can increase or decrease a company's net or overall profit. Companies that increase profits and reduce costs are looking to improve profitability.
Profit is the money the company makes after deducting all costs. Whether it's a lemonade stand or a publicly traded multinational company, the main purpose of any business is to make money. Therefore, business performance is based on profitability in many ways.
Revenue, commonly referred to as net income or net income, is the amount of income remaining after considering all expenses, liabilities, additional sources of income, and operating expenses.
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Amounts owed to the firm by customers who bought goods and services on credit are called:_______
Amounts owed to the firm by customers who bought goods and services on credit are called Accounts Payable. The word "accounts payable" (AP) in accounting refers to the sums owed to suppliers or vendors for products or services that were paid for with credit. Accounts payable is a balance on a company's balance sheet that represents the total amount still owing to suppliers by that organization.
The cash flow statement will show an increase or decrease in total accounts payable from the previous period. To safeguard your money and assets, avoid paying for false customers, and keep internal controls in place, it's crucial to closely monitor your AP spending.
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Calculate the deferred tax liability at december 31, 20x1 based on the following: $65,000 asset acquired january 1, 20x1 the acquired asset has a zero estimated salvage value useful life of five years for both financial reporting and tax depreciation purposes depreciation expense for financial reporting is $13,000 per year depreciation expense for tax is $26,000 the first year, $15,600 the second year and $9,360 the third year tax rate of 30%
The deferred tax liability is $3000.
How to calculate the information?A deferred tax liability is a listing on a company's balance sheet that records taxes that are owed but are not due to be paid until a future date. The liability is deferred due to a difference in timing between when the tax was accrued and when it is due to be paid.
Based on the information given, the depreciation amount will be:
= $65000/5
= $13000
The depreciation amount under tax will be:
= $65000 × 40%
= $26000
The income under the tax accounting will be less than the income under the GAAP.
Therefore, the deferred tax liability will be:
= ($26000 - $13000) × 30%
= $3900
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Compared to traditional nonprofit startups, enterprising nonprofits are far less likely to survive in business after the first five years.
Compared to traditional nonprofit startups, enterprising nonprofits are far less likely to survive in business after the first five years: FALSE
Traditional nonprofit startups and enterprising nonprofits startups:Enterprising Non-Profits, or enp, is a one-of-a-kind collaborative program that encourages and supports the establishment and growth of social enterprises as a means of building successful non-profit organizations and healthier communities.A tax-exempt organization created for religious, charitable, literary, artistic, scientific, or educational objectives is known as a non-profit enterprise. It is a corporation from which the shareholders or trustees do not profit financially.Most organizations qualify for one of the three primary categories, which include public charities, private foundations, and private running foundations.Unlike traditional nonprofit starts, enterprising nonprofits are considerably more likely to survive after the first five years.As it is given in the description itself, unlike traditional nonprofit starts, enterprising nonprofits are considerably more likely to survive after the first five years.
Therefore, the statement "compared to traditional nonprofit startups, enterprising nonprofits are far less likely to survive in business after the first five years" is FALSE.
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Complete question:
Compared to traditional nonprofit startups, enterprising nonprofits are far less likely to survive in business after the first five years. TRUE or FALSE
A delivery van that cost $45,000 with accumulated depreciation of $15,000 is sold for $20,000. how much gain or loss will be recognized on this sale?
A delivery van that cost $45,000 with accumulated depreciation of $15,000 is sold for $20,000. $10,000 loss will be recognized on this sale.
The total recorded depreciation on an asset up to a certain date is known as accumulated depreciation. On the balance sheet, accumulated depreciation is shown immediately beneath the relevant capital asset line. An asset's carrying value is determined by subtracting accumulated depreciation from its historical cost.
For the following reasons, accumulated depreciation is categorized differently from standard asset and liability accounts: Since the balances in the account do not represent items that would provide economic worth for the entity over a number of reporting periods, it is not an asset.
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Management, the board of directors, and ________ are the primary participants in corporate governance.
Management, the board of directors, and shareholders are the primary participants in corporate governance.
Anyone who holds at least one share of a company's stock or unit in a mutual fund is referred to as a shareholder. The firm is primarily owned by its shareholders, who also have specific rights and obligations. With this ownership structure, they can benefit from a company's success.
These benefits take the shape of rising stock prices or dividend payments from financial gains. In contrast, when a corporation experiences a loss, the share price inevitably falls, which may result in financial losses for shareholders or portfolio reductions.
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In the long run, both supply and demand tend to become more elastic. This suggests that, in the long run, the Select one: a. deadweight loss from a tax will be more than it is in the short run. b. tax revenue will be higher than it is in the short run. c. government will likely reduce tax rates. d. good will have zero demand.
This suggests that Tax Revenue will be higher than it is in the short run.
What is Tax Revenue?Income and profit taxes, Social Security "contributions," taxes on goods and services, commonly referred to as "consumption taxes," payroll taxes, levies on the ownership and transfer of property, and other taxes are all included in the definition of "tax revenue." In the US, taxes on income and profits, sales and use taxes on products and services, and property ownership and transfer taxes are the main sources of funding for the federal, state, and municipal governments. Federal payroll taxes, which include federal Social Security contributions, are another source of tax revenue. Most developed nations apply one or more tax regimes resembling those in use in the US.In general, producers of products and services find it easier to increase production over the long term of many years as opposed to the short term of a few months on the supply side of markets.
In the long run, both supply and demand tend to become more elastic. This suggests that, in the long run, This suggests that Tax Revenue will be higher than it is in the short run.
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Jefferson Millinery Inc. (JMI) decided to liquidate its wholly owned subsidiary, 8 Miles High Inc. (8MH). 8MH had the following tax accounting balance sheet: (Leave no answer blank. Enter zero if applicable.)
FMV Adjusted Basis Appreciation
Cash $ 265,000 $ 265,000
Building 78,000 34,500 43,500
Land 187,000 120,500 66,500
Total $ 530,000 $ 420,000 $ 110,000
a. What amount of gain or loss does 8MH recognize in the complete liquidation?
b. What amount of gain or loss does JMI recognize in the complete liquidation?
c. What is JMI’s tax basis in the building and land after the complete liquidation?
a. Since Jefferson Millinery Inc. (JMI) owns 8MH, so it will not recognize any gain or loss on liquidation.
b. $34,500 is the loss recognized by JMI, since JMI owns more than 80% of 8MH, it must recognize any loss or gain from its liquidation.
c. Since 8MH is being liquidated, its assets will be distributed to JMI at fair market value:
Building- $78,000 Land- $187,000FMV Adjusted Basis Appreciation
Cash $265,000 $265,000
Building $78,000 $34,500 $43,500
Land $187,000 $120,500 $66,500
Total $530,000 $420,000 $110,000
Liquidation is the act of turning assets into cash. For instance, a business closes and sells all of its merchandise because it is bankrupt and is in need of cash.
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Assume that aggregated fact table B is based on the detailed fact table A. Which of the following is FALSE
The false statement is E) Table B has more records than Table A
A detailed table is one in which a single record refers to a single fact while in the case of an aggregated table, a single record may refer to more than one fact. In the given case Table B is aggregated table that's why it is not possible that it has more records than table A.
A truth table shops quantitative facts for analysis and is regularly denormalized. A fact desk works with size tables. A reality desk holds the facts to be analyzed, and a measurement table shops facts about the methods in which the statistics in the fact table can be analyzed.
Tables are database items that incorporate all of the records in a database. In tables, records are logically prepared in a row-and-column format much like a spreadsheet. Every row represents a unique record, and every column represents a field inside the report.
Your question is incomplete. Please read below to find the complete question.
Assume that aggregate fact Table B is based on the detailed fact table A. Which of the following is false?
A) a number of dimensions that Table B is connected to are equal to or less than the number of dimensions that Table A is connected to.
B) a number of records in Table B are equal to or less than the number of records in Table A.
C) table B provides an aggregated view of facts in Table A.
D) all dimensions connected to Table B are connected to Table A.
E) table B has more records than Table A.
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Suppose that in the country of Worthland, the productive resources are owned by the state and most economic decisions are made by its central government. This country has a(n):
Suppose that in the country of Worthland, the productive resources are owned by the state and most economic decisions are made by its central government. This country has "planned economy".
What is planned economy?An economic system where the components of the economy (such as labor, capital, and natural resources) are under the direction and regulation of the government in order to meet the goals of an all-encompassing economic development plan; contrast with free enterprise.
Some features of planned economy are-
The government owns and controls all resources.Producer or consumer sovereignty do not exist.The pricing of products and services cannot be determined by market forces.The government's principal goal is to provide products and services to everyone, not to make a profit.As a result, the government decides what sorts of things and services will be created, how those goods and services will be made, and who will use them.Characteristics of this economy include-
governmental control of wages and pricing, limited property rights, government ownership of key businesses and industries, and robust black markets.To know more about planned economy, here
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The popularization of ________ expanded the communications and sports industries. Group of answer choices
The popularization of radios expanded the communications and sports industries, as stated in option A and further explained below.
The popularization of radiosBefore the television, the computer, or the smartphone, radios were the most important means of communication. As they become more and more popular, families would gather around their radios at home to enjoy the programs together.
That popularization impacted the communications and sports industries. Different types of programs were created in order to inform and entertain listeners. Sports programs would also keep people updated concerning their favorite teams and games.
With the information above in mind, we can choose option A as the correct answer.
The complete question with the missing answer choices is the following:
The popularization of ________ expanded the communications and sports industries.
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Suppose the exchange rate between the united states and japan changes from $1 = 100 yen to $1 = 110 yen. What would happen to the prices of american goods exported to japan?
The prices of American goods exported to japan will increase.
What do you understand by exchange rate?
The value of one country's currency in comparison to another. When nations employ gold or another accepted standard, and each currency is worth a particular amount of the metal or other standard, the exchange rate is "fixed."
What determines the exchange rate?
The market dynamics of supply and demand for foreign exchange often determine exchange rates. The US dollar, the euro of the euro region, the Japanese yen, and the British pound sterling have all employed floating exchange rates as their system of choice for many years.
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Successful change requires that organizations be capable of both creating and implementing ideas, which means the organization must learn to be:
Ambidextrous
It means utilizing both hands equally fluidly or deftly
Ambidextrous organizations - Exploratory units are separated from their traditional units in ambidextrous organizations, which encourages them to create their own systems, organizations, and cultures. But at the senior management level, they also closely coordinate these new divisions with the already-existing organizations.
Organizations can benefit from ambidexterity in various ways. The most important result of ambidexterity is creativity since innovation requires both exploratory and exploitative characteristics. Ambidexterity is the capacity to maintain a balance between exploratory and exploitative processes.
understandings of the four behaviors at the core of an ambidextrous organisation
a tactical approach to exploring
senior management commitment
separation from the unethical companies
a shared culture across all teams
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If you lose your credit card, typically there is __________ liability on any purchases made fraudulently.
If you lose your credit card, typically there is a limited liability on any purchases made fraudulently.
What is the liability for the loss of a credit card?The liability for a lost credit card is limited to $50 in the United States.
However, if a person losses a credit card before use, the card company cannot hold the account owner responsible for any unauthorized charges.
But the loss of a credit card must be promptly reported to the card issuer.
Thus, if you lose your credit card, typically there is a limited liability on any purchases made fraudulently.
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It takes $1200$ workers $8$ years to build $3$ ziggurats. How many years would it take $100$ workers to build $1$ ziggurat
$100 workers need 32 years to make the 3200 worker-years to build $1 ziggurat.
Solution :So, 3 zigs from (1200)*(8) or 9600 worker years.
That means 1 zig takes 9600 /3 = 3200 worker years.
For one zig to be made by $100 workers, dividing by 100 tells us that they'd require 32 years.
OR
Other method to Find :
From the facts here, it takes 1200x8 = 9600 worker-years to build 3 ziggurats.
That means it takes 9600/3 = 3200 worker-years to build just one.
Therefore, we can say that$100 workers need 32 years to make the 3200 worker-years to build$ 1 ziggurat.
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Susan works for a firm that has high degrees of formalization in their organizational structure. She understands that one of the main drawbacks of working in a firm with such high levels of formalization can often result in which of the following?
She understands that one of the main drawbacks of working in a firm with such high levels of formalization can often result in which of the following; a slower decision making process.
What is high degrees of formalization?This is the extent to which the roles that are in the organization are independent of the persons in this organization that may be covering or taking are of such roles.
In this business, they are said to have a high degree of this and the issue they would have is that there would be slow decision making in the business.
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Sylvia owns 100 shares of Maxima Growth mutual fund. In December she received a check for $50, payment of ordinary income dividend distributions and capital gains distributions. Sylvia also noticed in her daily newspaper listings that Maxima Growth is now worth $2 per share more than what she purchased it for at the beginning of the year. How much will Sylvia's holdings in Maxima Growth add to her taxable income for the year assuming she decides not to sell the fund this year
It will cost Sylvia $50 in taxes because of her investment in Maxima Growth. This is further explained below.
How much will Sylvia's holdings in Maxima Growth add to her taxable income for the year assuming she decides not to sell the fund this year?Generally, A person's or a company's taxable income is the amount of their total income that is utilized in the calculation of their tax liability.
In conclusion, The amount Sylvia's holdings in Maxima Growth will add to her taxable income is $50
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A client is being treated for acne vulgaris. What warning must be given to this client regarding the application of benzoyl peroxide?
The warning that must be given to this client regarding the application of benzoyl peroxide when getting treated for acne vulgaris is to Use gloves with application.
What is the importance of gloves in treating acne vulgaris?The importance of gloves in treating acne vulgaris is to prevent the substances from reacting with the bare hand which can bring in other germs.
In this case, the gloves prevent other substance from reacting with the benzoyl peroxide , hence, The warning that must be given to this client regarding the application of benzoyl peroxide when getting treated for acne vulgaris is to Use gloves with application.
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________ is appropriate for a large to enterprise website which has a considerable amount of traffic which may include tens of millions of hits a day.
(C) Dedicated Hosting is appropriate for a large to enterprise website which has a considerable amount of traffic which may include tens of millions of hits a day.
What is Dedicated Hosting?A dedicated hosting service, also known as a dedicated server or managed to host service, is a type of Internet hosting in which the client rents a whole server that is not shared with anybody else. This is more versatile than shared hosting because organizations have complete control of the server(s), including the operating system, hardware, and so on.Why do you need dedicated hosting?If your website is having difficulty keeping up with increased traffic, it may be time to convert it to a dedicated server. This is essentially a server that exclusively hosts your site, and it can not only increase the speed of your site but also improve page loading times and help you optimize security.As the purpose itself says, If your website is having difficulty keeping up with increased traffic, it may be time to convert it to a dedicated server.
Therefore, (C) dedicated Hosting is appropriate for a large to enterprise website which has a considerable amount of traffic which may include tens of millions of hits a day.
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Correct question:
________ is appropriate for a large to enterprise website which has a considerable amount of traffic which may include tens of millions of hits a day. Group of answer choices
(A) Virtual Hosting
(B) Free Web Hosting
(C) Dedicated Hosting
(D) None of the answers are correct.
Task H has duration of 5 days, an early start of 25 days, an early finish of 30 days, a late start of 25 days, and a late finish of 30 days. There are __________ days of slack for task H.
Task H has a duration of 5 days, an early start of 25 days, an early finish of 30 days, a late start of 20 days, and a late finish of 30 days. There are zero days of slack for task H.
In other words, the calculation process begins by placing zero in the early start (ES) position of the first activity. The rest of the calculations continue using the formula: Early start = maximum (or highest) EF value of previous predecessor Early end = ES + period.
Formula to calculate early start and early finish dates:
early start of activity = early finish of previous activity + 1.
early finish of activity = duration of activity + early start of activity – 1.
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The installation of production improvement option D which boosts worker productivity by 50% by using robots to assist in producing footwear
The improvement is done by the installation of the robot which boosts the productivity by 50%, this is a great boost for any manufacturing company.
What is a Robot?A robot is a machine that helps human with the work, more robots are being used as the production assistants, these robots increase the capacity and reduce expenses.
Using robot will increase the capacity of manufacturing, increase revenue, increase depreciation, but it will decrease salary expenses. The robots if are exchanged with humans it will cut human jobs and increase unemployability.
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The primary measure of the economy's performance is its annual total output of goods and services, which is called its
The primary measure of the economy's performance is its annual total output of goods and services, which is called gross domestic product or GDP.
Gross Domestic Product (GDP) is the total value or market value of all goods and services produced domestically within a given period of time. It serves as a comprehensive scorecard for the economic health of a particular country as a broad measure of gross domestic product.
Gross Domestic Product (GDP) is the value of domestically produced goods and services. Gross National Product (GNP), on the other hand, is the value of all finished goods and services owned by the citizens of a country, whether or not they are manufactured in that country.
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In introducing the opportunity cost of time into the theory of consumer behavior, we find that, all else equal:______.
a. one should consume less of time-intensive goods.
b. one should consume more of time-intensive goods
c. the consumer's equilibrium position is not altered.
d. the marginal utility derived from each product must be multiplied by consumption time in determining equilibrium.
In introducing the opportunity cost of time into the theory of consumer behavior, we find that, all else equal one should consume less of time-intensive goods.
Opportunity cost of time is actual cost of the time lost in performing one activity instead of another. In other words it is the loss of the time done in choosing an opportunity between the two.
One should consume less time intensive goods because it will save more time.
Theory of consumer behavior is the study of how the people decide to spend their money in the given choices to them according to the budget constraints and individual preferences.
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Matt's factory rents equipment and hires students to produce sports bags. Compare the outputs at which Matt's AVC and ATC curves are at their minimum points. The output at which Matt's AVC curve is a minimum is ________ the output at which his ATC curve is a minimum. This is because initially when decreasing marginal returns set in ________.
The output at which the average variable cost is a minimum is smaller than the output at which the average total cost is a minimum because initially when decreasing marginal returns set in, (E) average fixed cost is decreasing at a faster rate than average variable cost is increasing.
What is the average variable cost?In economics, the variable cost per unit is known as the average variable cost. Divide the entire variable cost by the output to get the average variable cost. In the short term, the enterprises use the average variable cost to determine whether to stop production.What is the average fixed cost?The average fixed cost (AFC) is a fixed cost that remains constant regardless of the number of goods and services produced by a corporation. To summarize, the average fixed cost (AFC) is the fixed cost per unit derived by dividing the total fixed cost by the output level.Therefore, the output at which the average variable cost is a minimum is smaller than the output at which the average total cost is a minimum because initially when decreasing marginal returns set in, (E) average fixed cost is decreasing at a faster rate than average variable cost is increasing.
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Complete question:
Matt's factory rents equipment for manufacturing sports bags and hires students.
The table gives Matt's average total cost schedule and average variable cost schedule.
The output at which the average variable cost is a minimum is smaller than the output at which the average total cost is a minimum because initially when decreasing marginal returns set in, ______.
A.the total fixed cost initially increases and then decreases
B. total fixed cost is decreasing at a faster rate than total variable cost is increasing
C. average variable cost is decreasing at a faster rate than average fixed cost is increasing
D. total variable cost is decreasing at a faster rate than total fixed cost is increasing
E. average fixed cost is decreasing at a faster rate than average variable cost is increasing