Post-translational regulation occurs within a cell when the newly formed protein is modified.
What is Post-translational regulation?After being synthesized, folded, and put together, proteins can undergo post-translational modification. It has been shown that a variety of post-translational changes take place inside cells. Any alteration that can be made to a protein can also be undone. A post-translational alteration can take many distinct forms.
The process generally entails the formation of a covalent bond connecting a particular chemical group to a particular set of amino acid side chains on the protein. These groups can include phosphate groups (phosphorylation), acetate groups (acetylation), the attachment of lipid/hydrophobic groups (lipid modification), or carbohydrates (glycosylation). The majority of these post-translational changes are reversible; one enzyme adds the modifying group, and another enzyme can take it away.
For example, protein kinases phosphorylate proteins, while protein phosphatases remove such phosphate groups. Similar to allosteric effectors, post-translational changes alter the structure of the polypeptide to which they are bound, which therefore affects the polypeptide's activity. Additionally, they can alter a protein's stability, localization within the cell, and interactions with other proteins.
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12. Do the optimal conditions for amylase function correspond with the usual conditions of the human body
Yes, the optimal conditions for amylase function correspond with the usual conditions of the human body.
Temperature and pH of amylase:The pH and temperature ranges for Amylase are 7 (neutral) and 37 °C, respectively. Our bodies include the enzyme AMYLASE, which aids in the body's ability to digest food. Saliva and the pancreas contain amylase. Glycogen, starch, and other related polysaccharides are hydrolyzed (broken down) into simpler, more useable forms of sugar by amylase.
Alpha-1,4-glucan 4-glucano-hydrolase, also known as purified human pancreatic alpha-amylase (EC 3.2.1.1), was discovered to be stable throughout a wide pH range (5.0 to 10.5), with 7.0 being the ideal pH for enzymatic activity. For soluble starch, the enzyme's Michaelis constant was discovered to be 2.51 mg per ml under the ideal pH and assay conditions. Sulfate and nitrate were not necessary for the enzyme to function; however, halide ions were.
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Match these items.
1. Aorta
bring blood to the heart
2. Veins
major artery bringing blood from the heart to the body
3. Pulse
doorways to the heart
4. Valve
measure of the rate of heart contractions
5. Atrium
heart passageway to the arteries
6. Ventricle
passage to the ventricle
The correct matching is as follows:
Veins - bring blood to the heartAorta - major artery bringing blood from the heart to the bodyValve - doorways to the heartPulse - measure of the rate of heart contractionsVentricles - heart passageway to the arteriesAtrium - passage to the ventricleWhat are blood vessels?Blood vessels are those vessels a re tubes in which blood in the body flows.
The blood vessels of the body include, veins, arteries and capillaries. Larger blood vessels include the aorta
The correct matching is as follows:
Veins - bring blood to the heartAorta - major artery bringing blood from the heart to the bodyValve - doorways to the heartPulse - measure of the rate of heart contractionsVentricles - heart passageway to the arteriesAtrium - passage to the ventricleIn conclusion, blood vessels transport blood throughout the body.
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A volcano erupts, harming all the organisms in the area. Eventually, small plants grow but are eventually replaced by larger plants. What is the name for this process?
A. Biodiversity
B. Population
C. Cyclical
D. Succession
Which information can be used to determine an atom's identity?
Counting the number of electrons
Counting both neutrons and electrons
Counting the number of neutrons
Counting the number of protons
The information which can be used to determine an atom's identity is by counting the number of protons
What is an atom?An atom can be defined as the smallest part of an element which can take part in a chemical reaction.
So therefore, the information which can be used to determine an atom's identity is by counting the number of protons
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after two half-;ives (9 billion years) what percent of the orignal uranium remains?
The percentage of the orignal uranium that remains after two half-lives is 25%
Data obtained from the question Original amount (N₀) = 100%Number of half lives (n) = 2Percentage remainig (N) =? How to determine the percentage remainingN = N₀ / 2ⁿ
N = 100 / 2²
N = 100 / 4
N = 25%
Thus 25% of the original sample remains
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Many chlorophytes are unicellular, but others are bigger and more complex. The fact that increased size and complexity evolved in different ways indicates ________.
Many chlorophytes are unicellular, but others are bigger and more complex. The fact that increased size and complexity evolved in different ways indicates the chlorophyte group contained extensive genetic variability.
What are chlorophytes?Green algae are known as chlorophytes, and as their name suggests, the chlorophyll in the thylakoid gives them their green color. They also include other pigments including xanthophyll and beta-carotene. They can be unicellular or multicellular depending on the species.
Chlorophyta converts sunlight to starch that is stored in cells as a food reserve. Because of their ability to photosynthesize, chlorophytes are among the ecosystem's most significant producers. As a byproduct of photosynthesis, they are a significant supply of starch and oxygen. Many heterotrophs eat them as food. Numerous chlorophytes interact symbiotically with other types of species.
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Blood transport_________ from the lungs to all the cells of the body.
Answer:
Blood transports oxygen from the lungs to all cells of the body.
Explanation:
In the circulatory system , a person breaths in air which is then filtered for oxygen an d the rest of the components are discarded through exhaling .
The oxygen is then taken in by air sacks which later combines blood with oxygen , so hemoglobin which is a blood component takes it to form oxyhemoglobin , which runs through the blood vessels , to the cells for consumption .
The cells will then deposit the deoxygenated blood which returns back tot he heart and then lungs for oxygenation .
Which condition is a heightened response that occurs after exposure to a noxious stimulus?
Hyperalgesia is a heightened response that occurs after exposure to a noxious stimulus.
Hyperalgesia:An increased sensitivity to feeling pain and extreme response to pain. When the nerves or the chemical makeup of the nerve pathways involved in pain perception are damaged, hyperalgesia may result. Your body's particular nerve receptors are becoming more sensitive, which is the reason for this. As a result of a surgery or procedure, tissue or nerve injury may result in hyperalgesia. Additionally, it can happen to persons who are using opioids.
A noxious stimulus is one that is potent enough to endanger the integrity of the body (i.e. cause damage to tissue). Peripheral afferents, such as A-delta and C-nerve fibers and free nerve endings, are induced by noxious stimuli and are responsible for transmitting pain throughout an organism's nervous system.
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The movement of water into and out of plant cells described by ____________ which is the ability of water to ____________ .
The movement of water into and out of plant cells is described by water potential which is the ability of water to do work.
What is water potential?It is the capacity of water to move from one place to another. Work is done when a substance moves from one place to another. Simply put, water potential is the capacity of water to do work.
Water moves into and out of a cell depending on the water potential of the cell and that of the ambient solution. naturally, water will always move from the region of high to the region of low water potential in cells.
Thus, if the water potential of cells is higher, water will move out of cells to the surrounding. If the water potential of cells is lower, water will enter cells from the surrounding.
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A boy has been reported to lack fear and not show any stress in dangerous situations. these symptoms suggest issues with which area of the brain?
If a person is not able to show stress in dangerous situations and lacks fear, there might be issues with an area of their brain known as the amygdala.
The amygdala is an almond-shaped structure which can be found in the medial temporal lobe of the brain, right in front of the hippocampus. It is a region of the brain which primarily deals with regulating our emotional processes like fear response but is also responsible for other strong emotions like aggression and pleasure. In case the amygdala gets damaged, it impairs the emotional memories of the person and also results in poor decision making.
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Which of these scenarios describe(s) LTD?
Answer choices:
Neuron A fires infrequently upon neuron B, which is silent, which leads to a decrease in their connection strength
Neuron A fires strongly and neuron B fires weakly, which leads to an increase in their connection strength
Neuron A and B both fire, but asynchronously, from an incoming stimulus and decrease their connection strength
Neuron A fires strongly and repeatedly, but not neuron B, which leads to an increase in their connection strength
The correct answer choice which is true about neurons is Neuron A fires strongly and neuron B fires weakly, which leads to an increase in their connection strength
What is a Neuron?Neurons can simply be defined
as the fundamental and functional units of the nervous system. Neurons are also known as nerves.
There are basically three classes of neurons: These are
Efferent neuronesAfferent neuronesIntermediate neuronsSo therefore, neuron A fires strongly and neuron B fires weakly, which leads to an increase in their connection strength
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On each side of the skull, the __________ suture joins the parietal bone with the temporal bone.
On each side of the skull, the Squamosal suture joins the parietal bone with the temporal bone.
The squamosal or squamous suture is the cranial suture between the temporal and parietal bones bilaterally. From the pterion, it extends posteriorly, curves inferiorly and continues as the parietotemporal suture. The squamous suture is the connecting joint in the skull between the parietal bone and the lower portion of the temporal bone called the par squamosa. Edges of the squamous suture overlap in a scale-like formation. It is located just above the ears on both sides of the head. The squamous suture forms the joint of the skull between the squamous part of the temporal bone and the inferior aspect of the parietal bone.
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Which is the best definition of directional selection? a process by which two species can no longer reproduce a process by which one of the extreme variations of a trait is favored a process by which both extreme variations of a trait are favored a process by which average individuals in a population are favored
A process by which one of the extreme variations of a trait is favored.
What is directional selection?A population tends to evolve toward one end of a trait range due to a natural process called directional selection. Some characteristics, like eye color, are discrete and have distinct variations, but other characteristics are continuous and have a large range of almost infinite values (think height). Only one variety will be chosen for a specific attribute under directed selection (only blue eyes).
The highest or lowest value of a continuous feature will be chosen if a directional selection is applied (only tall people). When a population is subjected to directional selection over time, the qualities that are selected for will remain stable while the traits that are selected against will disappear.
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Answer:
b
Explanation:
b
What did not occur in the hadean eon? a.) formation of the earth b.) meteor bombardment c.) formation of earliest solid rock d.) oxygen begins to appear in the atmosphere
Answe. No rocks on the Earth r:
Explanation:
Living organisms require a large temperature stimulus before the body temperature changes because the ______ bonds of water counteract molecular movement.
Living organisms require a large temperature stimulus before the body temperature changes because the hydrogen bonds of water counteract molecular movement.
Numerous qualities of water are essential to sustaining life-
Because of its polarity, water may establish hydrogen bonds that enable ions and other polar molecules to dissolve in it. Water is an ideal solvent as a result. Water can keep heat better than many other substances because of the hydrogen bonds that exist between its molecules. The hydrogen bonds between water constantly break and reform as the temperature rises, allowing the system's overall temperature to stay steady despite the addition of more energy. Surface tension is a result of the cohesive forces in water.All of these distinctive qualities of water are crucial to the chemistry of living things.
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According to the theory of endosymbiosis, early eukaryotes evolved by symbiotic association of prokaryotes. Which two protists evolved from a symbiotic relationship of organisms, which resulted in eukaryotic organisms containing chloroplasts?
paramecium
red algae
euglena
slime molds
The two protists that evolved from a symbiotic relationship of organisms are red algae and euglena.
What is symbiotic relationship of organisms?The symbiotic relationship is defined as the type of close relationship between two different organisms where by one or both benefit from each other.
According to the theory of endosymbiosis, which states that in symbiosis which involves a larger cell that serves as a host and a smaller cell that is referred to as an endosymbiont.
Therefore the two protists that evolved from a symbiotic relationship of organisms, which resulted in eukaryotic organisms containing chloroplasts is the red algae
euglena.
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Which steps involved in the contraction of a skeletal muscle require binding and/or hydrolysis of atp?
Answer:
Dissociation of the myosin head from the actin filament requires the binding of ATP (I).
Would a drug that acts by disrupting the nuclear envelope (the double membrane surrounding the nucleus) be effective for treating bacterial infections
No, the drug which acts by disrupting the nuclear envelope will not be effective for treating bacterial infection.
Bacteria do not have the membrane-bound nuclei that are seen in eukaryotic cells; instead, their DNA forms a tangle that is referred to as a nucleoid. However, there is no membrane present around the nucleoid, and the DNA is not coupled to proteins like it is in eukaryotic cells. Loops can be seen in the DNA of bacteria, in contrast to the linear structures that make up chromosomes in eukaryotic cells.
Therefore, the drug will not be effective in treating bacterial infections as bacterial cells lack a double-membrane structure surrounding the nucleus.
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The term hominin refers to modern-day humans and our fossil relatives that are more similar to us than they are to chimpanzees. True False
True. The term hominin refers to modern-day humans and our fossil relatives that are more similar to us than they are to chimpanzees.
What is hominin?Hominins are our direct predecessors, extinct human species, and modern humans collectively (including members of the genera Homo, Australopithecus, Paranthropus and Ardipithecus).A member of the family Hominidae, which includes humans, gorillas, chimpanzees, and orangutans, is referred to as a hominid. A member of the subfamily Homininae, which includes humans, gorillas, and chimpanzees, is a hominine (excludes orangutans). A hominin is a chimpanzee or human who belongs to the Hominini tribe.Three distinct taxonomic levels were established for chimpanzees, gorillas, and humans. Humans are a member of the Hominini, sometimes known as hominins. The primary distinction between hominid and hominin is that the former refers to the family to which humans belong while the latter refers to the level of the tribe to which humans belong.Learn more about hominin here:
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Select the correct answer from each drop-down menu. rna interference is a mechanism of eukaryotic gene regulation. in this mechanism, the enzyme "dicer" cuts dsrna into smaller fragments called , which form a complex with risc and degrade specific .
The dicer enzyme processes dsRNA and forms siRNAs, which suppress the expression of target genes by cutting mRNA. 1) siRNA 2) RNA.
What are siRNA fragments?
siRNA means small interfering RNA. This is a silencing RNA molecule involved in the RNA interference mechanism, intervening in the expression of a specific gene.
siRNAs are complementary double-stranded RNA molecules composed of about 20-21 nucleotides. siRNA originates from a long double-stranded RNA (dsRNA).
The dicer enzyme cuts dsRNA molecules and produces siRNA. siRNAs suppress the expression of target genes when cutting messenger RNA.
siRNAs suppress the expression of target genes by cutting the complementary messenger RNA (mRNA) into two halves. This is accomplished by the interaction of the siRNA with the RISC complex (RNA-induced silencing complex).
The two mRNA halves are later degraded by the cellular machinery, leading to the suppression of the gene expression.
siRNAs also participate in other pathways related to RNAi, such as in antiviral defense or in the chromatin structure organization.
RNA interference is a mechanism of eukaryotic gene regulation. In this mechanism, the enzyme dicer cuts dsRNA into smaller fragments called (1) siRNA, which form a complex with RISC and degrade specific (2) RNA.
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Osteoarthritis, or oa, is known as a degenerative joint disease and is characterized by hypertrophy of bone and the formation of _____, also known as bone spurs.
Osteoarthritis is known as degenerative joint disease and is characterized by hypertrophy of bone and the formation of Osteophytes, also known as bone spurs.
Osteoarthritis, also known as osteoarthrosis or degenerative joint disease, is a disorder of the joints characterized by progressive degeneration of the articular cartilage or of the entire joint, including the ligaments, subchondral bone, synovium (joint lining), and articular cartilage (bone beneath the cartilage).
On the extremities of bones, smooth, hard knobs of additional bone called bone spurs (also known as osteophytes) grow. They frequently manifest themselves in the joints, which are where two bones meet.
Following a joint or tendon injury, bone spurs can also develop.
Your body attempts to repair broken bones by growing new bone where it is injured.
Hence, Osteoarthritis lead to the formation of Osteophytes, also known as bone spurs.
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Which of the following types of babies are most likely to be outwardly unaffected by a caregiver leaving or returning
Avoidant attachment types of babies are most likely to be outwardly unaffected by a caregiver leaving or returning.
Avoidant attachment
The way you typically behave or think when interacting with others is known as your avoidant attachment style. Your attachment type is influenced by the early interactions you have with your parents or other primary caregivers. Your attachment style may be secure, anxious, avoidant, disorganized, or another type depending on how attentive and connected these caregivers were to you. In trying to keep the peace and their caregiver near by, the youngster ignores their own challenges and wants. They still experience difficulties and negative emotions like anxiety or depression, but they do it on their own and downplay their significance. Through maturity, a person's attachment style frequently persists, which may have an effect on their friendships, romantic connections, and other connections. The avoidant attachment patterns present in today's population are about 30%.
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People with diseases that result in the malabsorption of which nutrient are at risk for a vitamin d deficiency?
Inadequate dietary vitamin D or its deficiency leads to malabsorption of calcium. Nutritional disorder leads to the rare disease rickets, which causes bones to become soft and bend in children. In adults, vitamin D deficiency leads to osteomalacia, which causes weak bones, bone pain and muscle weakness.
The body needs vitamin D to properly absorb calcium and phosphorus from the diet. However, keeping the right quantities of calcium and phosphorus in bones is challenging when vitamin D levels are low.
The two sources of vitamin D are-
Natural sunlight Foods such as fish oil, Egg yolk and fatty fishes like salmon and mackerelThere are other disease conditions which lead to poor absorption of vitamin D-
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The most significant threat to biodiversity today is ________________. Group of answer choices the killing of competing species the elimination of habitat the introduction of foreign species. the reduction of sperm counts. the acidification of the oceans.
Answer:
B.) the elimination of habitat
Explanation:
While all of the answer choices could decrease biodiversity, the most prevalent issue comes from habitat loss as a result of urbanization and the overuse of natural resources.
Why is the immune system necessary in
an organism?
A. without it there would be nothing to fight off infection
B. it provides structure for the body
C. the cells transfer oxygen around the body
D. the organs in it help absorb nutrients for the body
Answer: A
Explanation:
If you cross two pea plants, one with green peas and the other with yellow peas, and all of the offspring have yellow peas. You conclude?
You conclude yellow parent which was homozygous for the dominant allele.
The yellow is dominant over green, as genome of every organism is consists of two nearly identical copies of alleles a gene.
It is so because we have two copies of each gene is that we inherit one from each parent, for a cross between a plant with yellow peas and one with green peas. The yellow seed color is the dominant phenotypic character and the green seed color is the recessive phenotypic character in this cross, plants with yellow seed offspring and green seed offspring are formed in the ratio of 3:1, which is a phenotypic ratio.
Therefore, in this case yellow-seed allele is dominant and the green-seed allele is recessive.
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What is the process that ensures mitral and tricuspid valve closure after the ventricles are filled with blood?
Diastole is the process that ensures mitral and tricuspid valve closure after the ventricles are filled with blood.
Cardiac cycle events can be divided into diastole and systole. Diastole represents ventricular filling, and systole represents ventricular contraction/ejection. Systole and diastole occur in both the right and left heart, though with very different pressures.
Diastole begins with the closing of the aortic valve (or pulmonic) and ends with the closing of the mitral valve (or tricuspid). This period encompasses the ventricular relaxation and filling.
Diastole represents when the blood vessels return blood to the heart in preparation for the next ventricular contraction.
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Select the correct answer. rachel ate a piece of fruit and happened to drop the seeds in her backyard. after a few weeks, she saw a small plant with flowers growing in the backyard. which group does this plant belong to? a. angiosperms b. gymnosperms c. pteridophytes d. bryophytes e. chytrids
Answer:
Angiosperms
Explanation:
Answer:
A. Angiosperms
Hope this helps!
Explanation:
Justin has decided that he wants to involve his employees in all of the different steps of decision making: identifying problems, generating alternatives, selecting solutions, planning implementations, and evaluating results. If he does this, he can expect that employee performance and job satisfaction will
Justin has decided that he wants to involve his employees in all of the different steps of decision-making: identifying problems, generating alternatives, selecting solutions, planning implementations, and evaluating results. If he does this, he can expect that employee performance and job satisfaction will increase.
What is job satisfaction?A measure of a worker's contentment with their job, whether they like the job or specific features or facets of occupations, such as the nature of the job or supervision, is called job satisfaction, employee satisfaction, or work satisfaction. The cognitive (or evaluative), affective (or emotional), and behavioral components of job satisfaction can all be assessed. Researchers have also highlighted that different job satisfaction measures vary in how much they represent thoughts or feelings about the job.
Employee performance is characterized by how well they carry out their job responsibilities and complete their assigned tasks. It speaks to the usefulness, excellence, and efficacy of their output. Performance is a factor in how valuable we consider each person to be to the company.
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