Smooth
Smooth
O
Smooth
A.
Smooth
o
Smooth
X
X
Wrinkled
It is true only in the plant world.
Smooth
Smooth
Based on the information above, what would a geneticist say about the example of the
pea plants?
Smooth
Wrinkled
B.
It is based purely on chance.
C. It has no relationship to human transmission of traits.
D. It helps show transmission of traits from parents to offspring.
E. It is too dated to have application in today's world.

Punnett squares represent the possible genotypes of the offspring according to the parental's gamete combinations. The number of gametes depend on the number of alleles and traits considered.  A) New rows and columns were added to the square because each parent contributed with four types of gametes (4 rows and 4 columns). B) The square would be constructed with eight rows and eight columns.

The Punnett square is a graphic representation that shows the different types of gamete combinations according to the alleles involved in a cross.

Punnett squares are composed of columns and rows in which all the different potential gametes are placed.

The intersection between each column and row suggests a possible genotype among the offspring.

The number of columns and rows will depend on the number of genes involved in the cross. We can use the formula 2ⁿ to figure out how many gametes are possible (2 is the number of alleles, and n is the number of genes). Assuming diallelic genes,

Punnett squares shows the probabilities of getting offspring with different genotypes and their consequent phenotypes.

In the exposed example, we need to compare a punnett square in which we consider only one gene with a punnett square in wich two genes are considered.

From activity 4: Punnett square

Cross: Purple with yellow

Parentals) PP   x   pp

Gametes)   P   P    p    p

Punnett square)

                          P     P

                   p    Pp   Pp

                   p    Pp   Pp

F1) 100% purple kernels, Pp.

Cross: Heterozygous purple kernels from F1

Parentals) Pp   x  Pp

Gametes) P   p    P    p

Punnett square)

                P      p

          P   PP   Pp

          p   Pp   pp

F2) 75% Purple (PP + Pp) and 1/4 yellow kernels (pp)

In these crosses, we only consider one diallelic gene that expresses complete dominance.

Punnett squares are composed of two columns and two rows in which both types of gametes are located.

Now, we need to consider two genes (P and S), which means four alleles are involved and four type of gametes are possible.

Cross: Between two dihybrid individuals

Parentals)        PpSs         x           PpSs

Gametes) PS, Ps, pS, ps        PS, Ps, pS, ps

Punnett square)    

                           PS          Ps          pS          ps

               PS     PPSS     PPSs      PpSS     PpSs

               Ps      PPSs     PPss      PpSs      Ppss

               pS     PpSS     PpSs      ppSS      ppSs

               ps     PpSs      Ppss       ppSs      ppss

F1)

Now, we need to compare Punnett squares from activity 4 (one trait) with this new Punnett square (two traits), and answer the questions,

A. How did you need to change the punnet square to consider two traits?

Since we consider two traits, we need to add rows and columns according to the possible gametes. The new punnett square must have four columns and four rows (2ⁿ = 2² = 4).

Remember that all the possible gametes depend on the number of possible allelic combinations.

B. How would you need to change the punnet square if you were to consider three traits?

If we consider three traits, we need to construct a Punnett square with eight columns and eight rows (2ⁿ = 2³ = 8).

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Ravi is driving her car, hits a patch of ice, and momentarily loses control of the vehicle. Ravi experiences a surge of adrenaline and a racing heartbeat to due to the activation due to Symphthetic nervous system.

Autonomic nervous system includes the sympathetic nervous system. It might be referred to as your "automatic" nervous system because it controls a variety of processes that don't require conscious thought.

The ability of your sympathetic nervous system to react to risky or stressful conditions is its most well-known function.

When this happens, your sympathetic nervous system kicks in to help you escape danger by increasing your heart rate, pumping more blood to areas of your body that need it, and other responses.

Therefore, Ravi is driving her car, hits a patch of ice, and momentarily loses control of the vehicle. Ravi experiences a surge of adrenaline and a racing heartbeat to due to the activation due to Symphathetic nervous system.

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Abena is the smallest Elephant. Chipo is the largest Elephant. The increase in shoulder height of Bisa over 15 years is 85 cm.

Early in their second decade of life, elephants become sexually mature. African elephants reach sexual maturity between the ages of 10 and 12, while Asian elephants reach sexual maturity around the age of 14.

Total Size. Physical and emotional development in elephants takes a very long time. The majority of their size is reached by the age of 15, but they frequently continue to gain weight and develop in size until they are around 20 years old.

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C. The parasite is the one who benefits at the expense of the host.

The model prepared by Tia could be used to show the glaciers which carry soil as similar to the clay which carries the ice cubes and sand, the glaciers also carry various materials along with them.

A glacier is a persistent body of dense ice and other materials that is constantly moving under its own weight and force. A glacier forms where the accumulation of snow exceeds the ablation over the period of many years, often centuries.

Glaciers acquire the distinguishing features, such as crevasses and seracs, as it slowly undergoes flow and deforms under the stresses which are induced by its own weight. As it moves constantly, it abrades rocks and debris from its substrate to create the major landforms such as cirques, moraines, or fjords. Although a glacier may flow into a waterbody, it forms only on the land surface and is distinct from that of much thinner sea ice and lake ice which form on the surface of bodies of water.

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Answer:

C. If they have not been fed properly...

Explanation:

If they have not been fed properly, sheep will eat bitterweed. This fact would support the veterinarian's theory that the sheep have eaten the poisonous scrub, as it suggests that the sheep may have turned to eating the bitterweed due to hunger or malnutrition.

The enzyme called tyrosinase produced the dark compound in the skin (melanin) but in albinism, this enzyme does not work or is not present, thereby this mutation could be responsible for Albinism because this phenomenon alters the molecular signaling pathway involved in the synthesis of skin pigments.

The relationship between genetic mutations and the alteration of signaling molecular pathways is based on the fact that alteration in the genetic material can lead to defective proteins involved in a signaling network, thereby altering the final outcome of the pathway.

Therefore, with this data, we can see that the relationship between genetic mutations and the alteration of signaling molecular pathways is based on the molecular mechanisms that are altered during the generation of a phenotypic feature such as in this case skin pigmentation.

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When red cattle breed with red cattle, the resultant offspring show both red and white fur, resulting in a mixed coat pattern called "roan."

The roan pattern, normally in Shorthorn cattle, is inherited as a heterozygous genotype. Roaming is usually the intermixing of two dissimilar colored hairs - black and white make a blue roan while red and white make a red roan.

The roan coat color in livestock species is distinguished by a mixture of white and tint hair in cattle, If it is a breed that has the roan color pattern, like a Shorthorn, then yes it can be pure-blooded. Or it can be a cross-breed with the roan color pattern. Roan is a color, not a breed.

So we can conclude that Roan" mentions a horse coat color pattern characterized by a mixture of colors.

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From an evolutionary point of view prokaryotes preceded eukaryotes. Therefore it can be said that prokaryotes are older than eukaryotes.

Multicellular organisms evolved from the unicellular eukaryotes at least 1.7 billion years ago. Some unicellular eukaryotes form multicellular aggregates that appear to represent an evolutionary transition from single cells to the multicellular organisms.

The first life forms on earth were heterotrophs and atmosphere was reducing. The advent of first autotrophs also however did not immediately make the atmosphere oxidizing

The first life on the Earth began more than 3.8 billion years ago with individual cells that did not contain nuclei known as prokaryotes. These first living cells were heterotrophs meaning that they were dependent on the external nutrition sources

The earliest cells were probably the heterotrophs. Most likely they got their energy from other molecules in organic “soup.” However, by about 3 billion years ago new way of obtaining energy evolved. This new way was the photosynthesis.

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Answer:

Yes, it is possible for a person to have both DID and BPD at the same time. According to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5), a person can be diagnosed with both disorders if they meet the criteria for both.

Explanation:

Answer:

3. Increased greenhouse gas emissions

Explanation:

Solar, wind, wave, and nuclear energy are all ways of producing energy without producing the negative outcome of increased greenhouse gas emissions. Greenhouse gases, such as carbon dioxide and methane, are released into the atmosphere through the burning of fossil fuels, such as coal, oil, and natural gas. These gases trap heat in the atmosphere and contribute to global warming and climate change. Solar, wind, wave, and nuclear energy, on the other hand, are forms of renewable energy that do not produce greenhouse gases when they are generated. They are considered more environmentally friendly alternatives to fossil fuels, and their use can help to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and mitigate the impacts of climate change.

Answer:

It is possible for material from a sedimentary rock to become an igneous rock through a process called metamorphism.

Explanation:

It is possible for material from a sedimentary rock to become an igneous rock through a process called metamorphism. Metamorphism is the process of change in the structure, texture, or composition of a rock as a result of being subjected to high pressure, temperature, or both. During metamorphism, the original sedimentary rock is subjected to heat and pressure that is sufficient to cause the minerals in the rock to recrystallize into a new rock with a different composition and structure. If the conditions of metamorphism are high enough, the metamorphosed rock may become an igneous rock. This process can take place deep underground, where the rock is subjected to high temperatures and pressures due to the weight of the overlying rock and the heat of the Earth's interior.

Answer:

Neurons are electrically excitable cells that transmit information throughout the nervous system. They are the basic building blocks of the nervous system and perform a variety of functions, including receiving and sending signals, processing information, and controlling movement.

The nervous system is responsible for coordinating the body's activities and responding to its environment. without neurons, the nervous system would not be able to function properly. Neurons are essential for survival and play a vital role in our health and well-being.

Answer:

The intermediate species that led to the modern panda were likely carnivorous mammals that gradually evolved to have a diet that was primarily herbivorous. This evolution likely occurred over a period of millions of years and involved the development of physical adaptations such as enlarged molars and a strong jaw to help with grinding and crushing plant material. The intermediate species may also have evolved to have a more specialized digestive system to better process plant matter, as well as physical features such as a rounder head and short limbs to help with climbing and foraging in trees.

It is not known exactly what the intermediate species looked like or how many there were, but it is likely that they were small, agile mammals that lived in forests and other wooded areas. They may have had some physical similarities to modern pandas, such as a black and white coloration, but they would have differed in other ways, such as in their size, shape, and behavior.

Overall, the intermediate species that led to the modern panda were likely a diverse group of animals that evolved over time to become specialized herbivores with a unique set of physical and behavioral adaptations.

Explanation:

Answer:

Osmosis is the passive transport of water molecules across a selectively permeable membrane. In osmosis, water moves from an area of high concentration (high water potential) to an area of low concentration (low water potential) in order to balance out the concentration on both sides of the membrane. This process can be observed in living cells, where the membrane surrounds the cell controls the flow of water and other molecules in and out of the cell.

In simple words, Osmosis is a type of diffusion that specifically refers to the movement of solvent molecules through a selectively permeable membrane. It is a fundamental concept in biology and is crucial for the proper functioning of cells and organisms.

Interphase is the period of cell cycle in which the cell is not engaged in any kind of cell division. This phase is marked as the preparatory phase for the actual cell division.

The cell cycle is a series of steps during which the chromosomes and other cellular material double to make two copies of the genetic material. The cell then undergoes division to form two daughter cells, each of the daughter cell receiving one copy of the doubled chromosomal material. The cell cycle is complete when each of the daughter cell is surrounded by its own outer membrane.

The interphase is the period when the cell is in a non-dividing state of the cell and this phase can be in different stages: the first gap (G1) between the last mitosis (M) and the S-phase (phase of DNA synthesis) and the second gap (G2) phase between the completion of the S-phase and the next mitosis (M).

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This statement is characterized by the concept of the paradox of progress, as shown in option C..

Progress is something good and desired by all communities. This is because all people want to progress in their social and individual lives. After all, the results of progress tend to be good, uplifting, and promote many good things.

However, there is a paradox where progress triggers poor results in elements that worked better in the past. An example of this can be seen in communities that progressed over time but emotionally regressed, keeping more people unhappy than before.

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Answer:

1.d 2.d 3.a 4.b 5.d 6.d 7.a

Answer:

The Biosphere

Explanation:

The biosphere is a thin life-supporting portion on Earth's surface, extending  a few km into the atmosphere to the deep-sea. It is composed of living organisms and nonliving factors from which the organisms derive energy and nutrients.

The word that bests fits the definition "Brings drizzly rain" is Brings precipitation.

Any liquid or frozen water that forms in the atmosphere and falls back to Earth is referred to as precipitation. It takes many forms, including rain, sleet, and snow. Precipitation, along with evaporation and condensation, is one of the three major components of the global water cycle.

Without changing the meaning of the sentence, the best word that replaces drizzly rain is precipitation which is considered to mean light showers. Rain is water droplets that fall to the Earth's surface as precipitation.

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If the sample of DNA below is being analyzed to determine if a patient has the genetic disorder and this DNA sequence is 3' CAA TCG CGG TCT CTT 5', then the mRNA sequence from the patient's DNA sequence is GUU AGC GCC AGA GAA.

The cell process of genetic transcription refers to the generation of a complementary strand of RNA from a DNA template chain, which may be a fragment of a sequence and the resulting mRNA can then be used to produce a protein by another cell process called translation.

Therefore, with this data, we can see that the cell process of genetic transcription is based on the generation of a complementary RNA strand by using a DNA sequence template such as for example the coding region of a gene.

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Answer:

The condensed form of DNA that can be seen with a microscope as it prepares for cell division is called chromatin.

Explanation:

backed up by the tens of thousands of different kinds of 1. enzymes which are found in every cell.

Metabolism is the totality of all chemical processes occurring within cells.The energy & life cycle of the cell are maintained and regulated by these chemical processes.Anabolic and catabolic chemical reactions are the two main types of chemical processes that take place throughout metabolism.

Pineapples, papayas, mango, honey, bananas, avocado, kefir, sauerkraut, sauerkraut, miso, kiwifruit, and ginger are examples of foods that naturally contain digestive enzymes.Each of these foods may improve gut health and aid in digestion if you include them in your diet.

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Answer:

As the mass of either object increases, the force of gravitational attraction between them also increases.

Answer:

I don't think it is easy to change an area's climate because it requires large-scale interventions that can take a long time to implement. Additionally, the climate is influenced by many factors, including the Earth's orbit, ocean currents, and the amount of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere. Finally, the climate is a complex system and it is difficult to predict how changes to one part of the system will affect the rest of it.

Explanation:

Answer:

Necessary components are elements or ingredients that are essential for something to exist or work properly.

Explanation:

1. The flattened form of objects like leaves. inside the respiratory system, the alveoli. the gastrointestinal system's villi. 2. While turtles have specialized excretory openings, fish have gills.

Alveoli modifications:

Moisture-filled walls: Gases dissolve in the moisture, which makes it easier for them to cross the gas exchange surface. Gases can travel through permeable walls. large blood supply, ensuring that blood rich in carbon dioxide is transported to the lungs and blood rich in oxygen is removed from the lungs.

Gills are found in fish, while specialized excretory openings are seen in turtles. These gaseous exchange systems have a huge surface area, a plentiful blood supply, and are ventilated by water movement for a sharp gradient in concentration. The main distinction is where the gas exchange surface is located.

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Answer:

Earth revolves in orbit around the sun in 365 days, 6 hours, 9 minutes with reference to the stars, at a speed ranging from 29.29 to 30.29 km/s.

Explanation:

The shape of the active site in a given enzyme is determined by the amino acid residues of the protein and the interaction between such amino acids and also molecules in the physiological conditions of the surrounding media.

The active site in a given enzyme protein is the molecular domain in the enzyme that binds to the substrate in a chemical reaction in order to form the enzyme-substrate complex that will be converted into products. The shape of the active site in the protein enzyme also depends on the amino acids in the domain that binds to the substrate and also to the molecular interactions.

Therefore, with this data, we can see that the active site in a given enzyme protein is dependent on the amino acids in the protein and their interactions.

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