The major result of the inflammatory response is to infection or injury. Tissue level , inflammation is characterized by redness , swelling and itching which result from local immune , vascular and inflammatory cell responses .
Pathogen such as viruses, bacteria or fungi can causes of inflammation. External injuries like scrapes or damage through foreign objects effects of chemicals or radiation.The first and the earliest symptom of inflammation is silent phase which based on reaction of resident cells of the damaged tissue.
There are three main stages of inflammation which can vary from intensity or duration. such as Acute- swelling stage, sub acute- regenerative stage , regenerative stage, chronic- scar tissue maturation and remodeling stage.
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The major cause of extinction of species today is?
Katie designed an experiment using a paint roller pan, sand, and water. The steps of the experiment are listed below.
1. Put 3 inches of moist sand on a paint roller pan.
2. Make a beach by scooping the sand toward the higher portion of the pan.
3. Pour water into the deeper end of the pan.
4. Use a straw to blow on the water for 2 minutes to create waves.
5. Observe how the sand is displaced by the waves.
Katie's model most likely represents the interactions between the
A) atmosphere, hydrosphere, and geosphere
B) atmosphere, ocean, and biosphere
C) cryosphere, biosphere, and ocean
D) geosphere, ocean, and biosphere
Katie's model most likely represents the interactions between the atmosphere, hydrosphere, and geosphere (option A).
What are the spheres of life?The spheres of life summarizes the constituents of the Earth.
According to this question, Katie designed an experiment using a paint roller pan, sand, and water.
Katie's model represents the interaction between the following spheres;
Atmosphere; this is represented by the air blown into the water to make waveHydrosphere; this is represented by the water usedGeosphere; this is represented by the soil/sandLearn more about spheres of life at: https://brainly.com/question/11374994
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Increases partial thromboplastin time, but not prothrombin time?
a. enoxaparin
b. dabigatran
c. rivaroxaban
d. warfarin
Warfarin increases partial thromboplastin time, but not prothrombin time.
The answer is option D.
Warfarin, offered below the logo called Coumadin amongst others, is a medicinal drug that is used as an anticoagulant (blood thinner). it's miles normally used to prevent blood clots which include deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism, and to save you stroke in humans who've atrial fibrillation, valvular heart ailment, or synthetic heart valves.
Much less generally it is used following ST-section elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) and orthopedic surgical treatment. It's far typically taken by way of mouth, however, may also be used by injection into a vein.
The not unusual facet effect is bleeding. Much less commonplace side outcomes may also encompass areas of tissue harm and pink ft syndrome. Use is not advocated throughout being pregnant. It is encouraged that the effects of warfarin commonly be monitored by checking prothrombin time each one to four weeks.
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Natural formation processes include such activities as plowing, building structures, or making tools.
False - plowing, building structure or making tools are not natural formation process.
Natural formation processes are not the man made process.
The natural and human-made processes known as formation processes are what give the archaeological record its shape. whereas environmental elements that affect the conservation of archaeological artifacts are natural formation processes.
Natural formation processes includes floralturbation, faunalturbation, cryoturbation, argilliturbation, and graviturbation.
Floralturbation is the disruption of vegetation caused by tree roots.
Plowing, building structure and making tools are the human made process.
Hence, It is false statement.
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The matter surrounding a comet’s core is vaporized and forms a very bright halo of _______, and an enormous cloud of ________ envelopes the head of the comet.
The matter surrounding a comet’s core is vaporized and forms a very bright halo of gases and an enormous cloud of hydrogen envelopes the head of the comet.
A comet is a tiny, icy body in space that may be identified by its stunning tail when viewed from Earth. Only when a comet is getting close to sun, the ice and particles that make up the comet's core heat up and start to dissolve.
Therefore,the material encircling the centre vaporises and creates a very bright halo of gases and a sizable cloud of hydrogen. Most comets follow a solar orbit. The atmosphere of gas created by the ice melting is what causes the coma.
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g Wilderness ecosystems are dynamic, complex, and often fragile, and may be impacted by human use and activities occurring both within and outside wilderness boundaries. Group of answer choices True False
The given statement "wilderness ecosystems are dynamic, complex, and often fragile, and may be impacted by human use and activities occurring both within and outside wilderness boundaries," is true.
Wilderness ecosystems
The wilderness ecosystem is the ecosystem that has been left undisturbed by humans. There are many areas on the planet that are considered wilderness such as the Great Barrier Reef, the Amazon forest, etc. They are rich in both flora and fauna diversity.
In the United States, a total of 42× [tex]10^{4}[/tex] ha is under the protection of the National Wilderness Prevention System. They are the lands devoted to the protection of the natural ecosystem. Such an arrangement had to be made due to human encroachment and various other factors that affect the wilderness ecosystem. The main threats to the wilderness ecosystem are
Using the land for recreational usesGrazing by livestockForest firePollutionGlobal warmingInvasion of alien speciesThe unnatural flow of water due to diversions, dams, impoundments, etc.Learn more about ecosystems here:
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The common atrium is subdivided into a left and right atrium by an interatrial septum, which consists of two parts: the septum and the septum that partially overlap.
The common atrium is subdivided into a left and right atrium by an interatrial septum, which consists of two parts: the septum primum and the septum secundum that partially overlap.
What is septum primum and septum secundum?
The septum primum, which divides the right from the left, is a structure inside the primitive atrium. In the direction of the endocardial cushions, this septum descends. The foramen primum, a hole in this septum, keeps the blood flowing through the heart. The foramen secundum develops as the foramen primum shrinks in size.What is the purpose of septum secundum?
A muscular flap called the septum secundum plays a significant role in heart growth. It has a semi-lunar form and develops from the atrium's upper wall to the right of the septum primum and ostium secundum. It is crucial for the foramen ovale to close after birth.Learn more about septum secundum
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The correct question is -
The common atrium is subdivided into a left and right atrium by an interatrial septum, which consists of two parts: the septum ______ and the septum ______ that partially overlap.
What we know about fossil sharks and rays comes from the ____________________ they left behind, their only hard parts.
What we know about shark and ray fossils comes from bones in rocks from the Cretaceous period in Mexico that left behind, their only hard parts.
Shark fossilsThe idea of a stingray-like shark may seem like something out of a B-movie. But paleontologists have just reported the discovery of such a creature in Cretaceous rocks in Mexico. This strange shark combines a streamlined body with large, wing-shaped fins, an ancient animal unlike any seen in the fossil record.
Whose are the fossils?
Fossils are the remains or traces of living beings that inhabited the Earth in previous geological periods. Fossil remains are parts of animals or plants, such as a bone or some limb or organic remains that have been preserved in some way.
With this information, we can conclude that Fossils are remains or traces of animals and plants preserved in rocks.
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The least movable joints are _____________ joints.
Answer:
fibrous joints is the answer ..
hope it helps...
which molecules are the smallest one here: starch, protease, protein, simple sugars
Answer:
simple sugars
Explanation:
simple sugars are relatively small molecules (eg. glucose) and as such can pass through membranes via simple diffusion.
What purpose does defining the area of investigation in excavation of skeletal remains serve?
The Forensic Biologist's primary job and responsibility is to provide information leading to the identity of the person, the cause of death, and the time since death.
purpose of defining the area of investigation in excavation of skeletal remains serve for :
Age Determination: It is possible to estimate a person's age based on their bones. If the entire skull is available, the scientist's task becomes easier because tooth eruption and fusion of skull sutures are important characteristics on which an opinion on the age can be given with a high degree of certainty.Determination of Cause and Manner of Death: In order to provide an opinion on the cause and manner of death, the forensic biologist closely examines each bone, its pieces, and fragments to look for signs of injuries that could have resulted in death. In many homicide cases, an examination of the skull reveals a variety of fracture patterns, including bullet holes, which helps to determine the cause of death.What is the importance of exhumation in criminal investigation?Exhumation is essential in criminal investigations. It aids in the identification of the perpetrators in many mysterious murder cases. To seal the skeletal remains in order to send them first for post-mortem examination and then to the Forensic Science Laboratory for additional examinations.
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Restriction enzymes (endonucleases) are produced by bacteria as a means of protection against which infectious agent?
Restriction endonucleases are components of the bacterial "immune system,". Bacteria cleave unmethylated infecting viral or bacteriophage DNAs at specific locations, inactivating the virus and limiting viral infection. They also methylate their own DNA at specific sites for which they generate a restriction enzyme, protecting it from their own restriction enzymes.
A restriction enzyme is a protein derived from bacteria that cleaves DNA sequences at sequence-specific places, Depending on how many cutting sites for that particular restriction enzyme is present in the DNA, creating DNA fragments with a known sequence at each end.
For several laboratory techniques, such as genetic engineering and recombinant DNA technologies, restriction enzymes are essential.
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The vagina is A. similar to the inner lining of the uterus. B. another term for the cervix. C. a muscular tube extending between the uterus and the external genitalia. D. a muscular tube extending between the uterus and the anus.
The vagina is a muscular tube extending between the uterus and the external genitalia (option C).
What is the vagina?The vagina is one of the female reproductive organs.
It is the passage leading from the opening of the vulva to the cervix of the uterus for copulation and childbirth in female mammals.
The vagina is a muscular tube that runs from the uterus or womb to the opening of the external genitals in female mammals.
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A sprinter would experience muscle fatigue sooner than a marathon runner due to?
Muscle fatigue sooner due to anaerobic metabolism in the muscles of the sprinter.
Anaerobic metabolism creates energy by burning carbohydrates in the absence of oxygen. This happens when your lungs can't put sufficient oxygen into the bloodstream to keep up with the demands of your muscular tissues for energy. Anaerobic metabolism, which can be described as ATP production without oxygen (or in the absence of oxygen), occurs by direct phosphate transfer from phosphorylated intermediates, together with glycolytic intermediates or creatine phosphate (CRP), to ADP forming ATP.
Anaerobic metabolism at the cellular stage occurs when oxygen transport and tissue oxygenation are compromised. this can be a result of hypoxemia, anemia, inadequate systemic blood waft, or a mixture of these factors.
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Proteins in a membrane are integral if they are embedded in the membrane and protrude from either surfaces of the bilayer.
The given statement that the proteins in a membrane are integral if they are embedded in the membrane and protrude from either surfaces of the bilayer holds true.
What are Integral Proteins?Integral proteins are the surface membrane proteins present in the plasma membrane of the cells.
They are attached to the plasma membrane and function by allowing only certain molecules to enter the cell.
The integral proteins are crucial in maintaining entry and exit of molecules.
Some integral proteins also act as an receptors to certain hormones.
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Colin organized information about lipids in a table. x y prevent dehydration of plants are found in cell membranes of plant and animal cells are tightly packed fatty acid chains joined to long-chain alcohols consist of four carbon rings with no fatty acids are a protective layer on hair or feathers serve a role in aiding fat digestion what headings complete the table? x: waxes; y: sterols x: waxes; y: phospholipids x: phospholipids; y: polysaccharides x: disaccharides; y: sterols
The headings complete the table are X = waxes and Y = sterols; option A.
What are lipids?
Lipids are fatty, oily, or waxy water-insoluble substances found in living organisms.
Lipids are of many classes and types and they perform several functions in the body.
Some classification of lipids are given below:
Waxes:
prevent dehydration of plantsare a protective layer on hair or feathersare tightly packed fatty acid chains joined to long-chain alcoholsSterols:
are found in cell membranes of plant and animal cells consist of four carbon rings with no fatty acidsserve a role in aiding fat digestionIn conclusion, lipids are important biomolecules found in the body.
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In negative control of transcription by the lac operon, how does the presence of an inducer affect transcription?.
If the inducer [allolactose] is present in the negative control then it will bind to the repressor decreasing its ability to bind to the operator due to which the transcription begins again and the operon is turned on.
Lac Operon is a set of three genes z, y & a which are regulated under the same promoter which regulates the amount of lactose production in the cell.
An inducer is a molecule that has the ability to induce or activate the operon. ex- in the case of the lac operon, allolactose acts as an inducer.
A repressor is a molecule that will repress or restricts the transcription of the genes of the operon, as a result, the operon will be switched off.
When the lac operon is under negative control, with no CAP [catabolite repressor protein] binding activity, the repressor remains active and thus binds to the operator region of the operon, as a result, no transcription takes place and the operon will be switched off.
But if the inducer will be present even in the negative control then the transcription takes place and the operon will be on.
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The light reactions produce ________ and ________. carbohydrates, ATP oxygen, ATP water, carbohydrates ATP, carbon dioxide
Answer:
ATP and Oxygen.
Explanation:
In light reactions:
Oxygen is yielded through the photolysis of water.
ATP is yielded through chemiosmosis (using ATP synthase, similar to the process in mitochondria).
Note: NADP is also formed in light reactions, but it doesn't seem to be mentioned in this question.
Hope this helps!
Addition of a nucleotide onto a dna strand is an endergonic reaction. what provides the energy to drive the reaction?
The release of pyrophosphate from the incoming nucleotide, and then hydrolysis of the pyrophosphate to inorganic phosphate provides energy for the addition of nucleotide onto a DNA strand.
Nucleotides are linked together by a condensation event that yields a tiny, stable molecule. But the released molecule is pyrophosphate, not water. A good amount of free energy is released when water is added to pyrophosphate.
The high-energy link between the ejected beta and gamma phosphates stores the energy for each incoming nucleotide's addition. The subsequent hydrolysis that occurs drives the process. A substantially greater quantity of energy is released when two phosphates are separated into individual phosphates.
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What is the subunit composition of bacterial rna polymerase holoenzyme? what are the functional roles of the different subunits?
RNA polymerase holoenzyme sub-units includes α (two copies), β, β' and ω sub-units. which is sigma factor plus the core enzyme ,composed of five sub-units-a2BB'w.
The sub-unit of bacterial RNA polymerase has implicated in all steps of transcription initiation, which includes promoter recognition and opening, priming of RNA synthesis. RNA polymerase is essential units of life which is found in all living organisms as well as many viruses.
The role of sigma factor is to recognize the promoter sequence. Holoenzyme is consist of RNA synthesis from sigma 70 specific bacterial and phage promoters.RNA polymerase ,principle factor for initiation of transcription in bacteria , the sigma sub-unit of RNA polymerase to form holoenzyme capable of promoter recognition.
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A scientist wishes to develop a new drug that prevents synaptic communication via neuropeptides but not small molecule neurotransmitters. Which mechanism would be a good target for his drug
Disruption of axonal transport would be a good target for his drug.
What is disruption of axonal transport?Axonal transport defects are among the early molecular events leading to neurodegeneration in mouse models of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS).Gene expression profiles indicate that dynactin-1 mRNA is downregulated in degenerating spinal motor neurons of autopsied patients with sporadic ALS. Disruption of axonal transport also underlies the pathogenesis of spinal muscular atrophy and hereditary spastic paraplegias.The neurotoxin β,β′-iminodipropionitrile (IDPN) selectively disrupts slow axonal transport without affecting fast anterograde or retrograde axonal transport.Impairment of slow axonal transport causes a proximal accumulation of neurofilaments. Because neurofilaments regulate axonal diameter, this accumulation leads to a marked swelling of the axon.Acrylamide causes decreased axonal transport, also causing proximal accumulations of neurofilaments and swelling.To learn more about axonal transport,
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Pharmacological induction of heme oxygenase-1 by a triterpenoid protects neurons against ischemic injury
The given statement that pharmacological induction of heme oxygenase-1 by a triterpenoid protects neurons against ischemic injury holds True.
What is Heme- Oxygenase-1?Heme- Oxygenase-1 is an enzyme that usually gets triggered when there is oxidative stress to the body.
This enzyme helps protect the body from repeated unwanted injuries.
Oxidative stress means the formation of the free radicals in the body that produce harmful effects to the human body.
Thus neutralizing these radicals is very important.
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Immature seed cones of conifers are usually green before pollination, and flowers of grasses are inconspicuously colored. What does this indicate about how they are pollinated
What unique social interactions are used by spinner dolphins and pilot whales?
They use mutualism, echo-location to communicate.
It is a unique social interactions that are used by spinner dolphins and pilot whales. They spin as a social interaction, they start to hunt.
It is the mutualism, because create a bait ball of the fish they want to eat.
The spinner Dolphins ( Stenella longirostris ) commonly use inshore island and atoll habitats for daytime rest and social interactions and forage over deep waters at night. In Hawaii, they occur throughout the archipelago.
The pilot whales are in fact one of the largest members of the dolphin family, but they are treated as whales for the Marine Mammals Protection Regulations 1992. Although they are named pilot whales because it was thought that each pod followed a 'pilot' in the group.
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Viruses that have reverse transcriptase are in the Group of answer choices Influenzavirus. Herpesviridae and Retroviridae. Hepadnaviridae and Retroviridae. Bacteriophage families. Retroviridae and Picornaviridae.
Viruses that have reverse transcriptase are in the Group of Hepadnaviridae and Retroviridae.
Reverse transcriptaseReverse transcription, also known as DNA synthesis from an RNA template, is carried out by the enzyme reverse transcriptase (RT). Reverse transcriptases are employed by eukaryotic cells to lengthen the telomeres at the ends of their linear chromosomes, viruses like HIV and hepatitis B to reproduce their genomes, and mobile genetic elements like retrotransposons to multiply inside the host genome.
What does Hepadnaviridae mean?A family of viruses is called Hepadnaviridae. Natural hosts include people, monkeys, and birds. Currently, there are 18 species in this family, spread across 5 genera.
What is the Retroviridae's genetic organization?Both the reverse transcription method, which enables the inclusion of these viruses into the family, and the genomic organization are the same as those of other members of the Retroviridae. Along with gag, pol, and env, two more genes (tas and bet) are expressed in cells.
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Which of the following is correct about
the layers of the rainforest and its
contents?
A. The canopy is the lowest layer of the rainforest and is
mostly plants that are low to the ground.
B. The ground layer of plants receives abundant sunlight.
C. There are very few vines in the rainforest.
D. The canopy consists of very tall trees that block
sunlight from lower layers.
The true statement regarding the layers of the rainforest and its contents is: the canopy consists of very tall trees that block sunlight from lower layers (option D).
What is a forest?A forest is a dense and uncultivated tract of trees and undergrowth, larger than woods.
A forest can be described as an area of land that is predominantly made up of trees and few grasses.
The forest region is categorized as follows:
Canopy or upper stratumMiddle layerForest floorHowever, the canopy consists of very tall trees that block sunlight from lower layers.
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Venous drainage of the head and neck is through the veins, which then drain into the brachiocephalic veins.
According to the research, the statement is true. Venous drainage of the head and neck is through the internal jugular vein, which then drain into the brachiocephalic veins.
What is the internal jugular vein?It is a very wide and thick duct that it is responsible for collecting the non-oxygenated blood that comes from the head, from the anterior area of the neck.
Being the largest caliber and the other jugular veins flow into it; it is a continuation of the sigmoid sinus and together with the subclavian vein made up of the brachiocephalic veins that drain blood from the head, neck, and upper extremities.
Therefore, we can conclude that according to the research, the statement is true. Venous drainage of the head and neck is through the internal jugular vein, which then drain into the brachiocephalic veins.
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Order the coenzymes according to their involvement in the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex.
a. nad.
b. coa-sh.
c. tpp.
d. lipoate (lipoamide).
e. [fad].
The coenzymes according to their involvement in the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex.
d. lipoate (lipoamide).
b. coa-sh.
e. [fad].
a. nad.
c. tpp.
The oxidative decarboxylation of pyruvate, which results in the synthesis of acetyl-CoA, CO2, and NADH (H+) (1,-3), is catalyzed by the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex (PDC)3. By connecting the glycolytic pathway to the oxidative pathway of the tricarboxylic acid cycle, the PDC plays a crucial role in the oxidation of glucose. Mammals' PDC functions as a gatekeeper in the pyruvate metabolism to preserve glucose homeostasis in both the fed and fasted phases. Under various metabolic situations, tissues have carefully controlled PDC flux.learn more about coenzymes here: https://brainly.com/question/13452695
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Which reason is least likely to contribute to the transmission of adenovirus?
The presence of a vector is least likely to contribute to the transmission of adenovirus.
Adenoviruses belong to the family of Adenoviridae. These viruses are of medium size, ranging in 90-100 nm, they do not have an outer layer of lipid. Thus, these viruses are non- enveloped with an icosahedral nucleocapsid and have a double stranded DNA genome.
Adenoviruses can cause many types of illness in humans, which can range from mild respiratory infections in small children to multi-organ diseases in people who have a weak immune system.
The adenoviruses can spread when there is contact with droplets from the nose and throat of a person who is infected. It can also be spread by touching any surface that has the virus and then touching one's own eyes, mouth, or nose.
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Prepare a list of different Harvest Festivals in India
Answer:
1.Karam (Karma) Harvest Festival in India
2.Kashmir Rice Harvest Festival
3.Onam Festival
4.Nuakhai
5.Baisakhi
Explanation: