when using a water-cooled condenser, the water should lightly bubbling around the condenser. to make this happen, the water should flow in at the ___ and should flow out at the choose__

If the concentration of fluoride anion and aluminum cation was increased to 5M, then there would be decrease in Ecell by 0.055 volts

The standard reduction potential of Fluoride anion and aluminum cation are -

2Al -----> 2Al3+ + 6e-           [tex]E^o[/tex]cell = +1.66

6e- + 3F2 -----> 6F-               [tex]E^o[/tex]cell = +2.87

The complete reaction is -

2Al + 3F2 ------> 2Al3+  +  6F-    [tex]E^o[/tex] = +4.53

Using Nernst Equation :-

E = [tex]E^o[/tex] – 0.0592/n*log[Al3+]^2[F-]^6

n = 6 (n = number of transferred electrons)

E = +4.53 - 0.0592/6*log(5)^2(5)^6

E = +4.53 - 0.00987*log(25)(1.56 x 10^4)

E = +4.53 – 0.00987*log(3.9 x 10^5)

E = + 4.53 -0.00987(5.59)

E = + 4.53 - 0.055

E = +4.47

The change in Ecell = 5 - 4.47 = 0.055V

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The reactants are not good a good substitute for sodium azide in airbags because sodium bicarbonate and acetic acid produces far less volume of gas than sodium azide.

The chemical equation of the reactions is given below:

The molar volume of all gases is 22.4 L

Based on the mole ratio, sodium bicarbonate and acetic acid produces far less volume of gas than sodium azide. Thus, the reactants are not good a good substitute for sodium azide.

In conclusion, the molar volume of gases is constant.

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The book value of a machine, as shown on the balance sheet, is not relevant in a decision concerning the replacement of that machine by another machine: TRUE

Therefore, the statement "the book value of a machine, as shown on the balance sheet, is not relevant in a decision concerning the replacement of that machine by another machine" is TRUE.

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Complete question:

The book value of a machine, as shown on the balance sheet, is not relevant in a decision concerning the replacement of that machine by another machine. (Ignore taxes.) TRUE or FALSE

All light being the same whether it comes from the sun a light bulb or

anywhere is False.

This is a type of kinetic energy which makes light to be visible to the eyes.

There are different sources of light which include:

• Electric bulb

Light from bulbs and Sun involve photons being emitted at different intensities which is why the light from both sources are different.

The Sun has more intensity and a different

intensities which is why the light from both sources are different.

The Sun has more intensity and a different source than the Light bulb.

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All three types of charge can be separated by the use of electrostatic field.

There are three kinds of rays that are basically discussed when we talk about radioactivity and they are alpha, beta and gamma rays.

Now we know that an alpha ray is positively charged, a beta ray is negatively charged while a gamma ray is not charged. This means that all three types of charge can be separated by the use of electrostatic field.

The gamma rays passes through the field without deflation , the alpha ray is deflated towards the negative part of the field, the beta rays is deflated towards the positive part of the filed.

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The mechanical advantages of the machine are 3.

The amount that a force is boosted by employing a machine is known as the mechanical advantage. It is determined by dividing the applied force by the machine's force ( force exerted by the machine).

That is the mechanical advantage of any machine is equal to the ratio between the output force and the input force.

Mechanical advantages M.A. = Input force / Output force

We have,

Input force: 52 N

Output force: 156 N

Therefore,

Mechanical advantage = Input force / Output force.

52/156 = 3

Hence, the mechanical advantages of the machine are 3.

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The freezing point of a solution is -1.16°C

Calculation,

The equation which give relation between freezing point depletion and molality is,

Δ[tex]T_{f} = K_{f} .m[/tex]      ... (i)

Moles of the solute = 22.0 g / 114.23 g/mole = 0.193 mole

Mass of the solvent in g = 148 g

Mass of the solvent in kg = 0.148 kg

Molality = 0.193 mole/ 0.148 kg = 1.3 m

Now, after putting the value of  [tex]K_{f}[/tex] and m in equation (i) we get

Δ[tex]T_{f} = K_{f} .m[/tex]  

Δ[tex]T_{f}[/tex]= 5.12°C/m×1.3 m = 6.66°C

Δ[tex]T_{f}[/tex]=  [tex]T_{f}[/tex] (solvent) - [tex]T_{f}[/tex] (solution)

[tex]T_{f}[/tex] (solution) = [tex]T_{f}[/tex] (solvent)  -Δ[tex]T_{f}[/tex]= 5.5 °C - 6.66°C = -1.16°C

The freezing point of a is -1.16°C

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Answer:

See below.

Explanation:

Acceleration is the change in velocity over a period of time.  

Let vi be the initial velocity.

Let vf be the final velocity.

t is the time it took to go from vi to vf.

Acceleration is (vf-vi)/t

If the initial velocity was 2 cm/s and the final velocity was 10 cm/s, the object would have incresed it's velocity by (10 - 2) or 8 cm/s.  If iit took 10 seconds to reach vf, the acceleration would be:

(8 cm/s)/(10 s) = 0.8 cm/s^2

Answer:

b) metal ion indicator

Explanation:

The metal ion indicator is a type of volumetric analysis wherein the colored complex is used to determine the endpoint of the titration. Therefore, it can be used to detect the end-point of an EDTA titration.

The equilibrium constant K is 17.78 × 10²⁷ at 255 K for the following reaction under acidic conditions.

4H⁺ (aq) + MnO₂ (s) + 2Fe⁺² (aq) → Mn⁺² (aq) + 2Fe⁺³ (aq) + 2H₂O (l)

The relation between standard electrode potential and equilibrium constant is as follows:

G = -2.303 RT log K

-nFE° = -2.303 RT logK

[tex]\log K = \frac{nFE^{\circ}_{\text{cell}}}{2.303RT}[/tex]

Here,

n = 2

F = 96500

[tex]E^{\circ}_{\text{Cell}} = E^{\circ}_{\text{reduced}} - E^{\circ}_{\text{oxidized}}[/tex]

        = 0.77 V - 1.51 V

        = -0.74 V

R = 8.314 J/K mole

T = 255 K

Now put the values in above formula we get

[tex]\log K = \frac{nFE^{\circ}_{\text{cell}}}{2.303RT}[/tex]  

[tex]\log K = \frac{2 \times 96500 \times (-0.74)}{2.303 \times 8.314\ \text{J/K mole} \times 255\ K}[/tex]  

[tex]\log K = \frac{-142820}{4882.521}[/tex]

log K = 29.25

K = 17.78 × 10²⁷

The equilibrium constant K is 17.78 × 10²⁷ at 255 K for the following reaction under acidic conditions.

4H⁺ (aq) + MnO₂ (s) + 2Fe⁺² (aq) → Mn⁺² (aq) + 2Fe⁺³ (aq) + 2H₂O (l)

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Disclaimer: The question was given incomplete on the portal. Here is the complete question.

Question: Use the appropriate standard reduction potentials below to determine the equilibrium constant at 255 K for the following reaction under acidic conditions.

4H⁺ (aq) + MnO₂ (s) + 2Fe⁺² (aq) → Mn⁺² (aq) + 2Fe⁺³ (aq) + 2H₂O (l)

The equation that relates equilibrium constants with cell potentials is

[tex]\log K = \frac{nFE^{\circ}_{\text{cell}}}{2.303RT}[/tex]

Use this formula, along with the information in the appendix of your book to solve for K.  

Nitrogen gas reacts with oxygen gas to form dinitrogen tetroxide. When the equation is written and balanced, the sum of the coefficients is 3.

By catalytically oxidizing ammonia, nitrogen tetroxide is produced; steam is employed as a diluent to lower the combustion temperature. The ammonia is converted into nitric oxide in the initial step:

 4 NH3 + 5O2   →    6 H2O  + 4 NO

The gases are further cooled and the majority of the water is condensed; the created nitric oxide is then converted to nitrogen dioxide, which is dimerized into nitrogen tetroxide:

2 NO + O2 →2 NO2

2 NO2 ⇌ N2O4

Dinitrogen tetroxide is the chemical molecule N2O4, also known as nitrogen tetroxide (NTO) and occasionally amyl (typically among ex-USSR/Russian rocket engineers). It is a helpful reagent in the synthesis of chemicals. It and nitrogen dioxide combine to form an equilibrium combination. It has a 92.011 g/mol molar mass.

Dinitrogen tetroxide is a potent oxidizer that spontaneously reacts when it comes into touch with different types of hydrazine, making it the two popular bipropellants for rockets.

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Answer:

Iron ore, coke and lime stone are some raw materials used for extracting iron.

Hope it helps! :)

Magnesium and calcium have similar chemical properties because they have the same number of electrons in their valence shells.

The valence/outermost shell of magnesium and calcium both has two electrons. An element's chemical characteristics are dictated by how its electrons are arranged in their orbits around the nucleus. The same number of protons and electrons means that an element's chemical behavior is fundamentally determined by its atomic number, which explains why Mg and Ca share the same chemical properties.

On the periodic table, magnesium and calcium are both located in the second vertical column. Magnesium and calcium are alkaline earth metals, just like all Group 2 elements. Both of them are salt-forming soft, silver-colored metals that respond fast to halogen gases like fluorine, chlorine, and bromine.

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If the reaction has reached equilibrium and then the sealed reaction vessel expands, increasing the volume, the reaction would increase.

The equilibrium will change to favor the direction that produces more moles of gas when the volume is increased.

Equilibrium is a state of balance between opposing forces or actions that can be static (such as when forces are applied to a body and the resultant is zero) or dynamic (such as during a reversible chemical reaction when the velocities in both directions are equal). It can also be a state of equilibrium between the mind and the body.

In terms of economics, equilibrium occurs when supply and demand are equal. When you are composed and steady, you are in an equilibrium state.

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Seconds (s)

Liters (L)

SI units relate to the International System of Units. These units are the base, metric units that are most commonly accepted for different measurements.

Common SI Units

The most common SI units are as follows:

*Note that gram (g) is not an SI unit

Each type of measurement will only have 1 SI unit. This is the unit that will be expected for most answers. Sometimes this means converting an answer into a different unit so it is more widely accepted.

Why SI Units are Important

SI units are important for the same reason that the metric system is used. It gives a standardized list of measurements that scientists across the world can use. Also, it makes it easier to compare scientific findings and studies when all of the measurements are given in the same units.

There are times when it is unrealistic to use SI units. For example, when discussing space, using meters will not be realistic due to the size of space. Also, when measuring the mass of small elements, kilograms are too large. But otherwise, SI units should be used.

Inert gas does not affect the equilibrium position:

It is because the partial pressures of the reaction components remain the same.

What is Inert Gas?

The equilibrium position won't change if an inert gas is added. A volume change won't change the equilibrium position if the total moles of gas in the products and reactants are the same. When the volume is reduced, the process changes to create fewer moles of gas.

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Answer:

is there an option for silver? if so, silver is the answer.

The positive terminal of the battery should be connected to the anode .and Cu(s) → [tex]Cu^{+2} (aq)[/tex] + [tex]2e^{-}[/tex]  reaction will occur at the anode.

In electrolysis, the two wires or plates dipping into the electrolytic solution is called electrodes.

The battery is galvanic cell which produce electric current. An electrode connected to positive terminal of the battery is called anode. At anode, oxidation ( loss of electrons)  is takes place.

Cu(s) → [tex]Cu^{+2} (aq)[/tex] + [tex]2e^{-}[/tex]  

An electrode connected to negative terminal of the battery is called cathode. At cathode, reduction ( gain of electrons)  is takes place.

[tex]Zn^{+2} + 2e^{-}[/tex] → [tex]Zn(s)[/tex]

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The reduction potential chart for metals, we can see that the most easily reduced metal in the list is Ag^+. Option C

A redox reaction is one that involves an oxidation and a reduction taking place simultaneously. This is because, the processes of electron loss and electron gain has to occur at the same time. A specie looses the electron that is gained by the other specie.

Now we know that metals are arranged in order of increasing reducing ability and decreasing reactivity. This arrangement is called the activity series of elements.

Looking at the reduction potential chart for metals, we can see that the most easily reduced metal in the list is Ag^+. Option C

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The Protective Equipment is a Face Shield.

Hydrochloric acid is a dangerous chemical, it can be handled with proper care. As we know Hydrochloric acid is corrosive. If acid touches the skin, eyes, and internal organs then the damage can not be treated, or even in some cases it is fatal.

If hydrochloric acid is used in the workplace, then there is a need for access to an eye-flush station.

If acid is used at home, then need to follow some safety instructions. If acid is diluted with water, still there is a need for protection. For example: wear protective clothes and gloves.

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Orbits do the proton complete:

A proton exits the cyclotron 1. 0 ms after starting its spiral trajectory in the center of the cyclotron and 1.8 x [tex]10^{4}[/tex] orbits does the proton complete during this 1. 0 ms

Calculation:

(a) The kinetic energy of the proton is given by, K.E. = [tex]\frac{1}{2} m v^{2}[/tex]

v = [tex]\sqrt{\frac{2(K E)}{m}}[/tex]

v = [tex]\sqrt{\frac{2(6.5 \mathrm{MeV})\left(1.6 \times 10^{-19} \mathrm{~J} / \mathrm{eV}\right)}{1.672 \times 10^{-27} \mathrm{~kg}}}[/tex]= 3.5 [tex]\times 10^{7} \mathrm{~m} / \mathrm{s}[/tex]

The radius of the orbit is given by,

r = [tex]\frac{m v}{B q}=\frac{1.672 \times 10^{-27} \mathrm{~kg}\left(3.5 \times 10^{7} \mathrm{~m} / \mathrm{s}\right)}{(1.2 \mathrm{~T})\left(1.6 \times 10^{-19} \mathrm{C}\right)}[/tex] = 0.30 m

Hence, the diameter of the largest orbit just before the proton leaves the orbit is 0.60 m.

(b) The time required to complete one revolution is given by, T=[tex]\frac{2 \pi m}{B q}=\frac{2 \pi\left(1.672 \times 10^{-27} \mathrm{~kg}\right)}{(1.2 \mathrm{~T})\left(1.6 \times 10^{-19} \mathrm{C}\right)}[/tex] =5.48 x [tex]10^{-8}[/tex] s

The number of revolutions made by the proton is given by,

Tn = t

Therefore, n = t/T = [tex]\frac{1 \mathrm{~ms}}{5.48 \times 10^{-8} \mathrm{~s}}[/tex] = 1.8 x [tex]10^{4}[/tex]

Note: your question is incomplete, but most probably your full question was, A medical cyclotron used in the production of medical isotopes

accelerates protons to 6.5 MeV. The magnetic field in the

cyclotron is 1.2 T.

a. What is the diameter of the largest orbit, just before the protons

exit the cyclotron?

b. A proton exits the cyclotron 1.0 ms after starting its spiral

trajectory in the center of the cyclotron. How many orbits

does the proton complete during this 1.0 ms?

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Iron (iii) chloride is obtained by vapor condensation from the reaction between chlorine gas and iron fillings.

Iron (ii) chloride can be formed from iron fillings in the laboratory as follows:

Chlorine gas is introduced into a reaction vessel containing iron fillings and the iron (iii) chloride vapor formed is obtained by condensation.

In conclusion, iron (iii) chloride is formed by the the direct combination of iron fillings and chlorine gas.

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Answer:

R = 8.314 pKa*L/mol*K

The value for the ideal gas constant (R) is approximately 8.314 kPa·L/(mol·K).

To determine the value for the ideal gas constant (R) when pressure (P) is in kilopascals (kPa), temperature (T) is in kelvins (K), volume (V) is in liters (L), and amount of gas (n) is in moles, we need to use the appropriate units for R based on these measurements.

The ideal gas constant, R, can be expressed in various units. The most common units for R are:

R = 0.0821 L·atm/(mol·K) (atmospheres, liters, moles, and kelvins)

However, since you provided the measurements in kilopascals, liters, moles, and kelvins, we need to use a different value for R that is consistent with these units:

R = 8.314 kPa·L/(mol·K)

Therefore, when pressure is in kilopascals, volume is in liters, amount of gas is in moles, and temperature is in kelvins, the value for the ideal gas constant (R) is approximately 8.314 kPa·L/(mol·K).

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A precipitation reaction occurs when 50. 0 mL of 0. 50 M BaCl₂ is mixed with 75. 0 mL of 0. 75 M Na₂CO₃ (aq). The only precipitate is the BaCO₃ (s) formed. (a) The balanced chemical equation is BaCl₂ + Na₂CO₃ → BaCO₃ + 2NaCl. (b) The limiting reagent is Na₂CO₃.

The balanced chemical equation is the equation in which the number of atoms on the reactant side is equal to the number of atoms on the product side in an equation.

Now we have to write the balanced equation

BaCl₂ + Na₂CO₃ → BaCO₃ + 2NaCl

To calculate number of moles when molarity and volume are given as:

Number of moles = Molarity × Volume

Now,

Number of moles of BaCl₂ = Molarity  × Volume

                                             = 0.50 M  × 0.05 L         [1 ml = 0.001 L]

                                             = 0.025 moles

Number of moles of Na₂CO₃ = Molarity  × Volume

                                                = 0.75 M × 0.075 L     [1 ml = 0.001 L]

                                                = 0.05625 moles

The limiting reagent is Na₂CO₃ here.

Thus from the above conclusion we can say that A precipitation reaction occurs when 50. 0 mL of 0. 50 M BaCl₂ is mixed with 75. 0 mL of 0. 75 M Na₂CO₃ (aq). The only precipitate is the BaCO₃ (s) formed. (a) The balanced chemical equation is BaCl₂ + Na₂CO₃ → BaCO₃ + 2NaCl. (b) The limiting reagent is Na₂CO₃.

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Question: A precipitation reaction occurs when 50. 0 mL of 0. 50 M BaCl₂ is mixed with 75. 0 mL of 0. 75 M Na₂CO₃ (aq). The only precipitate is the BaCO₃ (s) formed.

a) Write the balanced equation that describes this reaction.

b) Which chemical is the limiting reactant

Answer:

Any base with an ability to dissolve in water are called alkalis. All alkalis are bases, however, not all bases are alkalis.

The total atmospheric pressure of the final product in the flask is 18.36atm

Atmospheric pressure can be defined as the force exerted on a surface by the air above it as gravity pulls it to earth.

Furthermore, the standard atmosphere is a unit of pressure which is also defined as:

101,325 Pa =760mmHg

So therefore, the total pressure of the final product in the flask is 18.36atm

Complete question:

Gaseous iodine pentafluoride, IF₅, can be prepared by the reaction of solid iodine and gaseous fluorine:

I₂(s) + 5F₂(g) → 2IF₅(g)

A 10.00 L flask is charged with 19.0 grams of I₂ and 2.00 atm of F₂ at 25°C. The flask is heated to 100°C until one of the reagents is completely consumed. What will be the total pressure (in atm) of the final products in the flask at 100°C? (Assume ideal gas behavior)

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Answer:

All except 2nd one

Explanation:

Answer:

CB. Two different compounds mixing and remaining separate is not correct!

The Ksp of the solution is 3.2 * 10^-8.

The Ksp is called the solubility product . We know it to be the equilibrium constant that shows the extent to which a substance is dissolved in solution.

Now given that;

CaF2(s) ⇔ Ca^2+(aq)  +  2F^-(aq)

Ksp = [ Ca^2+] [F^-]^2

Ksp = [0.002] [0.004]^2

Ksp = 3.2 * 10^-8

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Since Qp>Kp , the reaction is not at equilibrium.

The equilibrium constant shows the extent to which reactants are converted into products.

Now we have to obtain the Qp as follows;

Qp =[CH3OH]/[CO] [H2]^2

Qp = 0.265/(0.265) (0.265)^2

Qp = 14.2

Now we know that Kp = 6.09×10−3, Since Qp>Kp , the reaction is not at equilibrium.

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