The counter-current method is the most efficient because it maintains the same concentration gradient over the whole length of the circuit.
The heat transfer performance of counter flow, on the other hand, may be up to 15% more effective, depending on the flow rate and temperature, allowing for the use of a smaller heat exchanger and saving both money and space.
One of the key advantages of counter-current flow is its capacity to extract more heat from the heating fluid. It is crucial to note that the LMTD value for counter-current flow is much larger than for concurrent flow at the same terminal temperature.
A phenomenon known as countercurrent exchange, which occurs in nature and is imitated in industry and engineering, involves the crossover of a certain attribute, typically heat or a chemical, between two flowing bodies moving in opposite directions.
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How do you find the value of T when a particle is at rest?
The value of T when a particle is at rest is 0. The velocity of the particle at t=0 is zero because the particle is in rest position and did not moving at any of the instance or travelling at an uniform speed through out the whole journey or yet did not start from the source point.
Velocity is the rate of change of velocity. At any point on a trajectory, the magnitude of the velocity is given by the rate of change of velocity in both magnitude and direction. Velocity of the body that we can consider is the increasing value of the velocity of any object at a constant rate and that of we can calculate. Hence by the primary information that we have we can formerly consider that the velocity which is acting on the particle at t=0 is zero because the particle is in rest position and did not moving at any of the instance or travelling at an uniform speed through out the whole journey or yet did not start from the source point and the value of T when a particle is at rest is zero.
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The Endocrine System
The body is made up of several systems of
that work together to
life. The endocrine
system is one of these.
make up most of the
endocrine system, which is found in the entire body, and the
These glands secrete
that regulate
bodily
and reactions. Hormones are
that tell certain
of the body to do
certain things.
for example, tells the body that
there is a need for physical activity, which is why we feel
while running, dancing, or playing sports.
Hormones are substances that communicate with your organs, skin, muscles, and other tissues through your blood to coordinate various bodily functions.
What are the skin's primary purposes?It serves as a sensory organ (touch, temperature detection), aids in temperature control, protects against mechanical, thermal, and physical injury as well as hazardous substances, prevents moisture loss, reduces the harmful effects of UV radiation, has an immune system that can detect diseases, etc.
The six primary functions of the skin are: protection, absorption, excretion, secretion, regulation, and sensation.
Our first line of defence against harmful chemicals, radiation, and poisons is our skin.
The outside world is kept at bay by a skin barrier. is the first line of defence against potentially harmful microbes.
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A rectangular tank 6 m long, 2 m deep and 2. 4 m wide contains 1 m of water. The tank is accelerated in the x-direction (along the direction of the 6 m length) with an acceleration 2. 45 m/s^22. 45m/s 2. What is the angle (in degrees) of the water surface with the horizontal
The angle (in degrees) of the water surface with the horizontal is 14.3 degrees
The angle of the water surface with the horizontal can be determined using the concept of the accelerations of gravity and centripetal force. The acceleration of gravity acts in the downward direction, and the centripetal force acts in the opposite direction of the acceleration. In this case, the horizontal acceleration of the tank is 2.45 m/s^2, which acts in the opposite direction of the gravitational acceleration.
The angle of the water surface with the horizontal can be found by taking the tangent of the ratio of the centripetal acceleration to the gravitational acceleration.
tan(theta) = (centripetal acceleration) / (gravitational acceleration)
tan(theta) = (2.45 m/s^2) / (9.8 m/s^2) = 0.25
Theta = 14.3 degrees
So the angle of the water surface with the horizontal is 14.3 degrees.
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Does thermal energy increase or decrease during melting?
Thermal energy increases during melting.
When ice melts during melting, its temperature remains constant until all the ice turns into water. Then, heating of liquid water causes the molecules to vibrate faster and steadily increasing the temperature.
What is thermal energy?Thermal energy refers to the energy contained within a system that is responsible for its temperature. Heat is the flow of thermal energy. A branch of physics, thermodynamics, concerns with how heat is transferred among different systems.
An example of thermal energy is boiling water on a stove. When boiling water, thermal energy is produced when the atoms and molecules in a substance vibrate faster because of raising in temperature.
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Initial State: An 8-month old child is at rest at the bottom of a staircase. Final State: The 8-month old child is at rest at the top of the staircase. Notes: The system includes the child and earth. The child uses the steps to slowly crawl up the staircase
Fortunately, even those who have the most severe instances of GBS eventually recover. Some people will still have some weakness when they recover.
The peripheral nervous system, or the network of nerves outside the brain and spinal cord, is mistakenly attacked by the body's immune system in the rare neurological illness known as Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS). A person with GBS may experience anything from a very mild case with transient weakness to a nearly fatal paralysis that prevents them from breathing on their own.
Anyone can develop Guillain-Barré syndrome. Both sexes are equally prone to the illness, which can affect anyone at any age (although it tends to affect adults and elderly persons more frequently). One in 100,000 people are thought to be affected with GBS each year.
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A ball is thrown upward from the ground with an initial velocity of 2.13 m s-1. How long does the ball take (in millisecond, ms) to reach the maximum height
The time it takes for the ball to reach its maximum height is 745 milliseconds.
What is time?
Time is defined as a scalar quantity that describes the progression of events in the universe. It is often considered to be the fourth dimension of spacetime, along with the three dimensions of space. Time is closely related to the concepts of causality, or the relationship between cause and effect, and is considered to be a fundamental aspect of the physical universe.
To find the time it takes for the ball to reach its maximum height, we need to use the equation:
1/2 * a * t^2 + v * t + d = 0
where a is the acceleration due to gravity (-9.8 m/s^2), t is the time, v is the initial velocity (2.13 m/s), and d is the initial displacement (0 m, since the ball is thrown upward from the ground).
We know that the ball is thrown upward and reaches its maximum height, so it is subject to a constant acceleration due to gravity in the downward direction. Therefore, the acceleration is -9.8 m/s^2.
The time to reach the maximum height can be found by solving the above equation for t.
t = sqrt(-2*d/(a+v))
t = sqrt(-2*0/(-9.8+2.13))
t = sqrt(2*2.13/(9.8-2.13))
t = sqrt(4.26/7.67)
t = sqrt(0.555)
t = 0.745s
To get the time in milliseconds:
t = 0.745s * 1000ms/s = 745 ms
Therefore, the time it takes for the ball to reach its maximum height is 745 milliseconds.
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In the definition of weight, W = mg, the mass m refers to an inertial mass.
True or false
Answer:
True
Explanation:
In the definition of weight, W = mg, the mass m refers to an inertial mass.
What is moment arm distance?
The distance between the force's line of action and the center of moments, also known as the moment arm or lever arm, is perpendicular. Force times distance equals moment.
Moment distance: what is it?A force's moment is determined by its magnitude and distance from the rotational axis. The strength of a force is measured by its moment around a point (the perpendicular distance of the line of action of the force from the point).
What exactly are moment and lever arms?The distance from an axis to the line of action of a force is known as the moment arm (or lever arm) of a force system. In other words, the moment arm controls the torque's quality.
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A single conservative force acting on a particle within a system varies as F=(−Ax+bx2)i^, where A and B are constants, F is in newtons, and x is in meters. (a) Calculate the potential energy function U(x) associated with this force for the system, taking U=0 at x=0. Find (b) the change in potential energy and (c) the change in kinetic energy of the system as the particle moves from x=2.00m to x=3.00m.
(a) The potential energy of the system to the conservative force acting on the particle, with Ui=0:
(b) From (a), U(2.00m)=2A–2.67B, and U(3.00m)=4.5A–9B.
ΔU=(4.5A−9B)−(2A−2.67B)=2.5A−6.33B
(c) For the entire system of which this particle is a member, this work is internal work and equal to the negative of the change in potential energy of the system: ΔK=−ΔU=−2.5A+6.33B.
Define kinetic energy?The ability of kinetic energy to perform work is arguably its most significant quality. Work is defined as a force operating on an object while it is moving. Energy and work are equivalent because of their tight relationship.It is described as the effort required to move a mass-based body from rest to the indicated velocity. The body holds onto the kinetic energy it acquired during its acceleration, unless its speed changes.Thermal energy is also known as heat energy. The power behind motion is known as kinetic energy. Thermal energy is a type of kinetic energy because it is generated by moving particles.To learn more about kinetic energy refer to:
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A ramp is 12 meters long and I need to use it to raise up a box 4 meters. The box weighs 200 newtons. How much force are you going to need to exert to get the box up the ramp
The force required to raise the box up the ramp when the ramp is 12 meters long, the box is 4 meters and the box weighs 200 newtons is 653.33 N (7840/12)
How do you determine the force required to raise the box up the ramp?To determine the force required to raise the box up the ramp, we can use the work-energy principle.
Work = Change in PE
W = PEf - PEi
where
W = work done (Joules)
PEf = final gravitational potential energy (Joules)
PEi = initial gravitational potential energy (Joules)
The gravitational potential energy of an object is given by the formula:
PE = mgh
where
m = mass of the object (200 N)
g = acceleration due to gravity (9.8 m/s^2)
h = height (4 meters)
We can find the change in potential energy as follows:
PEf = mgh = 200 x 9.8 x 4 = 7840 J
PEi = mgh = 200 x 9.8 x 0 = 0 J
So, the change in potential energy is 7840 J.
Now we can calculate the work done as:
W = PEf - PEi = 7840 - 0 = 7840 J
The work done is equal to the force exerted on the object multiplied by the distance it is moved:
W = F x d
7840 = F x 12
So, the force required to raise the box up the ramp is 653.33 N (7840/12)
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Ginger was caring for her litter of puppies when the four curious pups spotted cat for the first time. Each of the four pups leaned their full of force in the board balanced between the puppies and the cat. How much force must Ginger apply to the other side to keep the puppies from knocking down the board? A. 8 N
B. 16 N
C. 32 N
On prevent the puppies from tearing down the board, Ginger must apply 32 N of force to the opposite side.
What is the value of total force?The total force acting on the system is equal to the acceleration of the center of mass times the system's total mass. When applied to an extended object, Newton's second law, F = ma, predicts the motion of a specific reference point for this object.
How much force is acting on an object overall?The vector sum of all forces acting on an object is known as the net force. In other words, the net force is the sum of all the forces, taking into mind that a force is a vector and that two forces that have the same magnitude but facing the opposite direction will cancel each other out.
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Suppose you are pushing a stalled car. As the car gets going, you need less and less force to keep it going. For the first 15 m, your force decreases at a constant rate from 210.0 N to 40.0 N. How much work did you do on the car
The work done during this period will be 1875 J. It will be positive if the body is displaced in the same direction of the force.
Work done can be defined as the product of applied force and the distance through which the body is displaced where the force is applied.
The value of work can be zero, positive and negative. It depends on the direction of the body displaced.
Data given in the question is;
Let F be the average force applied by the worker
D is the displacement = 15 m
The average force is ;
[tex]F_{avg=\frac{F1+F2}{2}[/tex]
[tex]F_{avg=\frac{210+40}{2}\\[/tex]
[tex]F_{avg=125 J[/tex]
The work done by the worker will be:
W=Fd
W=125x15
W=1875 J
Hence the work done during this period will be 1875 J.
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J
If a building is 17 m tall, how long would it take to hit the ground?
It would take approximately 0.45 seconds for a 17 m tall building to hit the ground.
What is distance?
Distance is the amount of space between two objects or points. It is measured in units such as meters, feet, or miles. Distance can also refer to the length of time it takes for something to happen, such as the distance between two events.
This is calculated by using the formula: time = (distance)/(gravity x 2). In this case, distance is 17m and gravity is 9.8 m/s2, so time = (17 m)/(9.8 m/s2 x 2) = 0.45 seconds.
Distance may also refer to the emotional or physical separation between two people or groups. Distance can be expressed as a physical, mental, or emotional concept.
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Runner A is initially 2.0 mi west of a flagpole and is running with a constant velocity of 8.0 mi/h due east. Runner B is initially 9.0 mi east of the flagpole and is running with a constant velocity of 4.0 mi/h due west. How far are the runners from the flagpole when they meet?
The definition of constant velocity is the speed of a moving object that doesn't change over time. The system travelling at a constant speed is subject to zero net acceleration.
What distinguishes instantaneous velocity from average velocity?In contrast to instantaneous velocity, which is determined by slope of tangent line, average speed is defined as the shift in location (or displacement) during the course of transit.
Which of the four main claims about how a body can accelerate even when it has no velocity is untrue?Speed is the measure of velocity in magnitude. As a result, it is impossible to have two objects moving at the same velocity. The right response is therefore option A.
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What happens to a material when energy is transferred to it?
When labor is done, energy is transferred from the agent to the object, resulting in a change in the motion of the object (more specifically, a change in the object's kinetic energy).
Energy cannot be generated or destroyed, but it may be moved from one form to another. Energy may be altered in a variety of ways, such as when potential energy becomes kinetic energy or when one thing moves another.
Thermal energy is related to a system's internal energy because of its temperature. When a substance is heated, its temperature rises because its molecules begin to move faster, gaining thermal energy through heat transfer. Conduction, convection, and radiation are the three methods through which thermal energy is transferred.
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If we decided to make the length of one day equal to the time that it took the earth to complete a single revolution about its axis, what would change?
Our days would be a little bit shorter, and as a result, the sun would rise and set each day at later and later hours.
How long does it take the Earth to make a full rotation?Another method to determine how long a day is is to time how long it takes a planet to complete one full spin. A sidereal day is what is being described here. On Earth, a sidereal day is almost exactly 23 hours and 56 minutes long. The sidereal day occurs after every 360-degree rotation of the Earth. It takes 23 hours, 56 minutes to do that. When Earth rotates slightly more and the sun is at the same location in the sky as it was 24 hours earlier, the solar day—the one that people count in the calendar—occurs.
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Decribe the motion of a body following under gravity and write the related equation
It states that the force F acting on a body is equal to the mass m of the body multiplied by the acceleration an of its center of mass, or F = ma.
What is the body's equation of motion?The fundamental equation of motion in classical mechanics is F = ma.
Since gravity affects an object's vertical motion, while it moves, it is said to be in motion under gravity.
The force that pushes objects downward is called gravity. In reality, gravity draws things toward the centre of the Earth. Homogeneous acceleration is experienced by a body in free fall.
Motion. It is said that the body is moving at an accelerated rate. Therefore, if a body falls freely while being affected by gravity, its velocity will begin to increase at a rate of 9.8 m/s2.
When a body falls freely under the effect of gravity alone in a vacuum, potential energy continuously decreases and kinetic energy continuously increases; as a result, the conservative force acts on the body.
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Explain why a fish under water appears to be at a diffrent depth below the surface than it actually is does it appear deeper or shallower
A fish under water appears to be at a different depth than it actually is due to the refraction of light as it passes through the water.
When light travels through a medium with a different index of refraction, such as air to water, it bends, or refracts. This causes objects to appear displaced, or closer or farther away than they actually are. Because water has a higher refractive index than air, light bends more when it enters the water, causing objects, like fish, to appear closer to the surface than they actually are.
The result is that the fish will appear to be deeper in the water than it actually is.
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Dina is observing a sample of copper metal after it was removed from a flame. She noticed that the temperature decreased. What conclusions could she draw from this observation?
a-The average kinetic energy decreased.
b-The average kinetic energy remained the same.
c-The motion of the particles increased.
d-The motion of the particles stayed the same.
Answer:
A. The average kinetic energy decreased.
Explanation:
When an object gains heat, which is a form of energy, the atoms within the object would in turn gain energy in the form of kinetic energy. Similarly, as the temperature of an object decreases, in other words losing heat energy, the atoms within the object would lose kinetic energy as a result.
A 2.00-kilogram object weighs 19.6 newtons on Earth. If the acceleration due to gravity on Mars is 3.7 1 m/s^2, what is the object's mass on Mars
The 2.00-kilogram object weighs 19.6 newtons on Earth, its weight on the Mars is 2.00 kg.
The mass is known as the amount of matter which is contained in a body. It is a property which is consistent in a body regardless of the body's current location, gravitational pull and various other factors which exist.
Mass and weight are two separate quantities. Weight is computed as a product of mass and acceleration. Mass has a property to remain constant and it means that whether the object is on any planet, irrespective of that, it will be constant. The mass remains the same that is 2.00 kg.
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The angular diameter of an object is inversely proportional to its distance from the observer.
True False
This statement is True, the angular diameter of an object is inversely proportional to its distance from the observer.
Angular diameter is a measure of the apparent size of an object in the sky as seen from a given location. It is the angular distance between two opposite points on the visible surface of the object, usually measured in degrees or arcminutes. Angular diameter can be used to describe the apparent size of both small and large objects, such as planets, stars, galaxies, and clusters.
For example, the angular diameter of the Sun as seen from Earth is approximately 0.5 degrees, while the angular diameter of the Moon is approximately 0.5 degrees. Angular diameter can also be used to measure the apparent size of large-scale structures in the Universe, such as the distance between two galaxies in a galaxy cluster. The angular diameter of a galaxy cluster is typically measured in arcminutes or arcseconds. Angular diameter is a useful measure of the size of an object since it is independent of the distance between the observer and the object.
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the planet neptune has an equatorial diameter of 49532 km and its mass is 1.0247 x 10^26 kg. If the plane tis modeled as a homogenous sphere, what is the acceleration due to gravity at its surface
The acceleration due to gravity at the surface of Neptune is calculated to be 10.08 m/s².
Here, we can apply the concept of Newton for the definition of the gravity of a planet, for which he defines that this is proportional to the product of the mass of the planet by the universal gravitational constant, and inversely proportional to the square of the radius of the planet. Mathematically this can be described as
g = GM/r²
where,
G is universal gravitational constant
M is the mass of the planet
r is the radius of the planet
Given that,
Mass of the planet M = 1.025 × 10²⁶ kg
Diameter of the planet = 49532 km = 49532 × 10³ m
Radius of the planet = 24766 × 10³ m
After putting the values into the equation above, we have,
g = GM/r² = (6× 10⁻¹¹) (1.025 × 10²⁶)/(24.7 × 10⁶)² = (6.15 × 10¹⁵)/(24.7 × 10⁶)² = 10.08 m/s²
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If an object was accelerating at 10 m/s^2, and a force of 10 newtons was required to accelerate it, what was the object's mass
The required mass of the object with an acceleration of 10 m/s² and a force of 10 newtons to accelerate it is 1 kg.
From Newton's second's law of motion, force is described in equation form as, F = m × a
where, m is mass
a is acceleration
Given that,
Acceleration of an object = 10 m/s²
Force needed to accelerate the object = 10 N
Object's mass = ?
From the above equation, making mass as the subject, we have,
F = m × a
m = F/a = 10/10 = 1 kg
Thus, the required object's mass is calculated to be 1 kg.
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What are the angles for the two dark bands closest to the central maximum.
Express your answers in terms of b and λ. Separate the two angles with a comma.
asin(λb),asin(−λb)
The identical formula for the two angles is Asin(b),Asin(b).
The general word for interference effects involving edges or apertures is diffraction. In waves with longer wavelengths than those of light, diffraction is more common. Diffraction, for instance, is what causes sound to swell when it goes through a doorway or bend around corners. Diffraction causes water waves along a rocky coast to widen as they pass through the rocks. Usually, Fresnel and Fraunhofer diffraction regimes are distinguished.
Fresnel diffraction is the regime in which the diffracted waves are observed relatively close to the site of the diffraction (in comparison to the size of the item causing the diffraction). Working with Fresnel diffraction is typically very challenging. The Fraunhofer diffraction regime is the more manageable of the two.
angle 1 = asin(λb),
angle 2 = asin(−λb)
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An air puck of mass 0.304 kg is tied to a string and allowed to revolve in a circle of radius 0.44 m on a horizontal, frictionless table. The other end of the string passes through a hole in the center of the table and a mass of 1.15 kg is tied to it. The suspended mass remains in equilibrium while the puck revolves. 0.44 m v 1.15 kg 0.304 kg What is the tension in the string
The tension in the string can be found by using the equation for centripetal force. which is equal to 150.
This equation states that the centripetal force (Fc) is equal to the mass of the object (m) multiplied by the square of the velocity (v) and divided by the radius (r). Therefore,
Fc = m x v²/r.
In this case, the centripetal force is equal to the tension in the string, so the tension in the string (T) can be found by rearranging the centripetal force equation to
T = m x v²/r.
Substituting in the given values for mass (m) and radius (r) gives
T = 0.304 kg x (2.83 m/s)²/0.44 m
T= 150N
Therefore the tension of the string is 150N
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Where the ungrounded conductors for a 225-ampere feeder are increased in size from 250 kcmil copper to 800 kcmil copper due to length, what is the minimum-size copper equipment grounding conductor required for the circuit?
The minimum-size copper equipment grounding conductor required for the circuit is 1/0 kcmil.
The NEC (National Electric Code) provides guidelines for the minimum size of equipment grounding conductors.The minimum size of the equipment grounding conductor is based on the ampacity of the feeder circuit.In this case, the ampacity of the feeder circuit is 225 amperes.The conductors for the feeder circuit have been increased in size from 250 kcmil to 800 kcmil due to the length of the circuit.According to the NEC (National Electric Code), the minimum size copper equipment grounding conductor required for a 225-ampere feeder circuit where the conductors have been increased in size from 250 kcmil to 800 kcmil due to length would be 1/0 kcmil.Learn more about conductors here:
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What is the correct definition of minerals
The correct definition of minerals is 'nutrients that strengthen bones and teeth, help keep the blood healthy, and keep the heart and other organs working properly'
Minerals and vitamins are essential micronutrients that the body uses to carry out its normal functions. Minerals can be obtained from foods (or artificially), these micronutrients have fundamental roles in growth, fluid balance, bone health, and different physiological processes. Some of the most important minerals include calcium, iron, phosphorous, fluoride, selenium, sodium, copper, iodine, and zinc.
Sputnik I was launched into orbit around Earth in 1957. It had a perigee (the closest approach to Earth, measured from Earth's center) of 6.41 x 10^6 m and an apogee (the furthest point from Earth's center) of 7.13 x 10^6 m. What was its speed when it was at its perigee
In 1957, Sputnik I was propelled into orbit around the planet. Its speed when it was at its perigee was was approximately 7.935 x 10^3 m/s.
The speed of an object in orbit around Earth can be calculated using the vis-viva equation:
v = sqrt(GM/(r))
where v is the velocity of the object, G is the gravitational constant, M is the mass of the Earth, and r is the distance of the object from the center of the Earth.
Given the perigee distance of 6.41 x 10^6 m and the mass of the Earth being 5.972 x 10^24 kg, the velocity of Sputnik I at its perigee would be:
v = sqrt((6.67 x 10^-11 N*(m^2)/(kg^2) * (5.972 x 10^24 kg)) / (6.41 x 10^6 m))
v = 7.935 x 10^3 m/s
So, the speed of Sputnik I when it was at its perigee was approximately 7.935 x 10^3 m/s.
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Definition: This is the rate of distance traveled per unit of time, without regard to direction.
Example: 55 miles per hour on the highway
A visual representation of speed. It can also be used to denote speed. Without taking into account orientation, this is the rate of distance covered in a given amount of time.
What is speed?The speed and direction of a particle's motion are both considered to be the particle's velocity. The distance travelled as well as the direction it is veering.
While velocity refers to both the speed and direction of an object's motion, speed is only the rate at which an object moves along a path over time. In other words, velocity is a vector, but on the other hand speed is a scalar value.
We know that velocity is a vector quantity since it has both a magnitude and a direction. However, speed just has a magnitude and no direction, therefore it.
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a large platform is initially at rest on a smooth surface. A dog on the platform starts running toward the east. The mass of the dog is one-half the mass of the platform. When the dog moves toward the east with a speed of v0, the platform moves toward the ____ with a speed _____.
Platform moves towards to west with a speed of v0/2 when the dog moves towards to east at a speed of v0, in accordance with the rule of conservation of momentum.
What is the straightforward meaning of speed?The speed at which an object's location changes in any direction. The distance travelled to the time needed to travel that distance is known as speed. Since speed only has a magnitude and no direction, it is a scalar quantity.
Is speed affected by acceleration?Acceleration is the method of changing a speed with which an object moves. If a substance's velocity does not change, it is not accelerating. Acceleration is a vector quantity.
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