It is critical that money be movable and acceptable in order for trade to be viable. When money is not easily transportable, it becomes tough to trade.
What is money?Money is any commodity or verifiable record that is widely accepted in a given country or socioeconomic environment as payment for products and services and repayment of debts, such as taxes.
Furthermore, money is a commodity that is widely acknowledged as a vehicle of economic exchange. It is the means for expressing prices and values. It is the primary measure of wealth and circulates from person to person and country to country, promoting trade.
If a currency is not sufficiently portable, it will not be utilized by enough people to sustain an economy and will be swiftly replaced. While gold met many of the requirements for money, its limited mobility hampered its use and eventually led to its centralization in the hands of banks.
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7). As a newly promoted leader of a remote team, where should your primary focus be?
A) empowering your team to make their own decisions
B) establishing processes the team must follow in making decisions
C) closely monitoring remote team members' performance
Which is correct? I need help please!!
6
Select the correct answer from each drop-down menu.
Identify the interpersonal skills demonstrated in this scenario.
Belinda gets along well with her coworkers and managers because she doesn't judge people, even when she disagrees with them. She is
demonstrating the skill of
Harold is always in demand because he takes time to help others when they are struggling to complete a task. He is demonstrating the skill of
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Answer:xz
Explanation:xx
Answer:
Explanation:
Select the correct answer from each drop-down menu.
Identify the interpersonal skills demonstrated in this scenario.
Belinda gets along well with her coworkers and managers because she doesn’t judge people, even when she disagrees with them. She is demonstrating the skill of
respect for diversity
.
Harold is always in demand because he takes time to help others when they are struggling to complete a task. He is demonstrating the skill of
social sensitivity
.
Seth Bullock, the owner of Bullock Gold Mining, is evaluating a new gold mine in South Dakota. Dan Dority, the company’s geologist, has just finished his analysis of the mine site. He has estimated that the mine would be productive for eight years, after which the gold would be completely mined. Dan has taken an estimate of the gold deposits to Alma Garrett, the company’s financial officer. Alma has been asked by Seth to perform an analysis of the new mine and present her recommendation on whether the company should open the new mine.
Alma has used the estimates provided by Dan to determine the revenues that could be expected from the mine. She also has projected the expense of opening the mine and the annual operating expenses. If the company opens the mine, it will cost $675 million today, and it will have a cash outflow of $50 million nine years from today in costs associated with closing the mine and reclaiming the area surrounding it. The expected cash flows each year from the mine are shown in the nearby table. Bullock Gold Mining has a 12 percent required return on all of its gold mines.
Year 0 = -675 000 000 Year 1= 90 000 000 Year 2= 135 000 000 Year 3= 204 000 000 Year 4= 235 000 000 Year 5= 210 000 000 Year 6= 164 000 000 Year 7= 108 000 000 Year 8= 86 000 000 Year 9= -50 000 000
A. calculate the payback period, internal rate of return, modified internal rate of return, and the net present value of the proposed mine.
B. Based on your analysis, should the company open the mine?
a)Payback Period ≈ 5.21 year. IRR, which is approximately 15.73%.MIRR ≈ 10.60%.NPV ≈ -32,709,032.36
b)The company's risk tolerance, long-term strategic goals, and market conditions, to make a final decision on whether to open the mine.
A. To calculate the payback period, internal rate of return (IRR), modified internal rate of return (MIRR), and net present value (NPV), we will use the provided cash flows and the required return of 12 percent. Here are the calculations:
Payback Period:
The payback period is the time it takes for the initial investment to be recovered. We sum up the cash flows until they reach or exceed the initial investment.
Year 0: -675,000,000
Year 1: 90,000,000
Year 2: 135,000,000
Year 3: 204,000,000
Year 4: 235,000,000
Year 5: 210,000,000
Year 6: 164,000,000
Year 7: 108,000,000
Year 8: 86,000,000
Year 9: -50,000,000
The payback period occurs between Year 5 and Year 6 when the cumulative cash flows exceed the initial investment. To calculate the exact payback period, we need to interpolate:
Payback Period = Year 5 + (Initial Investment - Cumulative Cash Flow at Year 5) / Cash Flow at Year 6
Payback Period = 5 + (675,000,000 - 874,000,000) / 164,000,000
Payback Period = 5 + (-199,000,000) / 164,000,000
Payback Period ≈ 5.21 years
Internal Rate of Return (IRR):
The IRR is the discount rate that makes the NPV of the cash flows equal to zero. We can use a financial calculator or software to find the IRR, which is approximately 15.73%.
Modified Internal Rate of Return (MIRR):
The MIRR adjusts for the reinvestment rate of the cash flows and is generally considered a more realistic measure. To calculate the MIRR, we need to specify the reinvestment rate. Let's assume a reinvestment rate of 10%.
MIRR = (Future Value of Positive Cash Flows / Present Value of Negative Cash Flows)^(1/Number of Years) - 1
MIRR = ((210,000,000 / (675,000,000 - 50,000,000))^(1/9) - 1) * (1 + 10%)
MIRR ≈ 10.60%
Net Present Value (NPV):
The NPV is the present value of cash inflows minus the present value of cash outflows, discounted at the required return of 12%.
NPV = Sum of [(Cash Flow / (1 + Required Return)^Year)]
NPV = 90,000,000 / (1 + 0.12)^1 + 135,000,000 / (1 + 0.12)^2 + ... + (-50,000,000 / (1 + 0.12)^9) - 675,000,000
NPV ≈ -32,709,032.36
B. Based on the analysis:
The payback period is approximately 5.21 years.
The IRR is approximately 15.73%.
The MIRR is approximately 10.60%.
The NPV is approximately -$32,709,032.36.
Considering the results, the payback period is shorter than the eight-year mine life, indicating a positive outcome. The IRR is higher than the required return of 12%, suggesting the project could be profitable. However, the MIRR is lower than the IRR, which may indicate less favorable reinvestment assumptions. Lastly, the NPV is negative, indicating that the project's present value of cash flows is lower than the initial investment.
Based on these findings, it is recommended to evaluate the results in conjunction with other factors, such as the company's risk tolerance, long-term strategic goals, and market conditions, to make a final decision on whether to open the mine.
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David Alexander makes a 401(k) retirement plan contribution of 12% of gross pay. He is single, claims one withholding allowance and three state withholding allowances, and his weekly gross pay was $2,450.
State income tax withholding is equal to Taxable income by the State withholding rate. The taxable income is $2,156.
To calculate David Alexander's 401(k) retirement plan contribution, we can follow these steps:
Determine the amount of David's gross pay: $2,450
Calculate the retirement plan contribution amount:
Retirement plan contribution = Gross pay × Contribution rate
Contribution rate = 12%
Retirement plan contribution = $2,450 × 0.12
Retirement plan contribution = $294
Calculate the taxable income:
Taxable income = Gross pay - Retirement plan contribution
Taxable income = $2,450 - $294
Taxable income = $2,156
Calculate the federal income tax withholding:
To determine the federal income tax withholding, we need the federal tax withholding tables or rates for the specific income range. As those details are not provided, we cannot calculate the exact federal income tax withholding.
Calculate the state income tax withholding:
The number of state withholding allowances can impact the state income tax withholding. As David claims three state withholding allowances, we can use that information.
State income tax withholding = Taxable income × State withholding rate
The state withholding rate may vary depending on the state. Without knowing the specific state, we cannot provide the exact state withholding rate.
The calculations for federal and state income tax withholding are based on the tax rates and tables provided by the respective tax authorities and can vary based on individual circumstances and tax laws. It is always recommended to consult with a tax professional or refer to the appropriate tax tables for accurate withholding calculations.
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Arap Moi has always been tolerant of opposition parties?
Arap Moi has always been tolerant of opposition parties including creating divisions within the opposition ranks and resorting to violent tactics during elections.
It is important to note that while Moi's regime faced criticism for its treatment of opposition parties, political context, and perspectives can vary. Some individuals or groups may have had different experiences or interpretations of Moi's tolerance towards the opposition, but overall, his presidency was characterized by limited space for political dissent and opposition.
Daniel Arap Moi, the former President of Kenya, served from 1978 to 2002. During his tenure, he was known for his authoritarian rule and was not generally considered tolerant of opposition parties. Moi's presidency was characterized by a one-party system under the Kenya African National Union (KANU), which stifled political pluralism and limited the space for opposition parties to operate.
Under Moi's rule, opposition parties faced significant challenges and restrictions. The government employed tactics such as harassment, intimidation, and detention of opposition leaders and activists. Moi's administration used state machinery to suppress dissent, including the manipulation of electoral processes and the imposition of restrictive laws to curtail opposition activities.
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Visit two (2) different companies in Ghana with opposing pay-out policies (where one pays low and the other pays high). Find out from their respective Managements some real-world factors influencing their choice of pay-out policy.
NB: Please visit the companies and do NOT copy from the textbook as this will compel the examiner to mark you down.
The factors can vary greatly depending on the company and the industry they operate in. It's important to note that there are often many complex factors at play when it comes to a company's pay-out policy.
Some factors that could influence a company's pay-out policy include:
Industry norms: companies may follow the pay-out policies of other companies in their industry to remain competitive and attract top talentFinancial performance: a company's financial performance and available cash reserves can impact their ability to pay high salaries or offer generous bonusesOrganizational culture: some companies may prioritize employee satisfaction and morale, leading to higher pay-outs, while others may prioritize cost-cutting measuresBusiness strategy: a company's long-term business strategy, such as plans for expansion or diversification, may impact their pay-out policiesGovernment regulations: laws and regulations surrounding labor and compensation may influence a company's pay-out policiesTo learn more about Managements, here
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One of your clients asks you to add QuickBooks Online Payroll to their existing subscription.
Starting from here, where should you go to do this in QuickBooks Online Accountant?
- Open the client’s QuickBooks Online company and select Overview from the left-hand navigation. In the Company Setup section, select Add Payroll
- Select Billing and subscriptions from the dropdown in the Actions column, then subscribe the client to QuickBooks Online Payroll
- Go to the Gear icon and select Subscriptions and billing, then find the client and select Add Payroll from the Client actions dropdown
- Open the client’s QuickBooks Online company and select Add Payroll from Accountant Tools
It's important to note that QuickBooks Online Payroll offers a variety of plans, so I would need to choose the plan that best suits my client's needs and budget. To add QuickBooks Online Payroll to an existing subscription, you should go to option 1, hence option 1) is the answer.
Sure, I'd be happy to help. If one of my clients asks me to add QuickBooks Online Payroll to their existing subscription, I would follow these steps: 1. Firstly, I would navigate to the client's account and select Billing and subscriptions from the dropdown in the Actions column. 2. Then, I would subscribe the client to QuickBooks Online Payroll from there. 3. Once the subscription is added, I would open the client’s QuickBooks Online company and select Add Payroll from Accountant Tools. 4. Next, I would follow the prompts to set up payroll for the client. This would include entering the client's business and employee information, as well as setting up the payroll schedule and payment method. 5. After completing the setup process, the client would be able to run payroll and manage their employees' pay and benefits through QuickBooks Online Payroll. It's important to note that QuickBooks Online Payroll offers a variety of plans, so I would need to choose the plan that best suits my client's needs and budget. Additionally, if the client already has an existing payroll provider, I would need to work with them to ensure a smooth transition to QuickBooks Online Payroll. Therefore option 1) is correct.
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Briefly discuss how you would prepare for interviews with journalists for addressing any
questions or concerns about “Green Future’s” initiative that is being launched.
I would practice active listening and empathy to understand the concerns raised by journalists, acknowledging their perspective and addressing their specific questions with clarity and transparency.
Preparing for interviews with journalists regarding the "Green Future" initiative requires a strategic approach.
Firstly, I would thoroughly familiarize myself with the initiative's goals, objectives, and key messages, ensuring I have a clear understanding of its purpose and potential impact.
Next, I would anticipate potential questions and concerns that journalists may raise and develop concise, well-informed responses. This would involve researching related topics, staying updated on current environmental issues, and consulting experts if necessary.
To effectively address concerns, I would emphasize the initiative's benefits and evidence-based solutions, highlighting its potential positive impact on the environment and society. It would be essential to provide supporting data, case studies, and success stories to strengthen the credibility of the initiative.
Furthermore, I would practice active listening and empathy to understand the concerns raised by journalists, acknowledging their perspective and addressing their specific questions with clarity and transparency.
Maintaining a calm and confident demeanor throughout the interview would be crucial, as it would enhance the credibility and trustworthiness of the information provided.
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what is an opportunity cost
What are the three key components of the production process?
machines, equipment, and tools
purchasing, sales, and distribution
testing, quality assurance, and compliance
materials, machines, and people
The three key components of the production process are materials, machines, and people.
What is the production?The key components are essential for creating and transforming goods/services. Materials are essential for production, including natural resources or manufactured materials like metals or plastics.
Selecting and managing materials is vital for production while machines comprise the technology and equipment used. "Machines range from simple tools to complex systems that transform raw materials into finished products through cutting, shaping, assembling, or packaging."
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Which is the BEST example of marketing within sports?
While super bowl ads and athlete endorsements are well-known examples of sports marketing in action, sports marketing also includes marketing that builds a brand around healthy or aspirationally athletic lifestyles. Using sports marketing strategies can add serious appeal for many consumers.
The process of allocating funds to projects and investments includes the following:
A. Analysis
B. Selection
C. Monitoring
D. Evaluating performance
Analyze or explain any three of the above.
The process of allocating funds to projects and investments involves several important steps, including analysis, selection, and monitoring. By following these steps, organizations can make informed decisions about where to invest their resources and ensure that their investments are delivering the expected returns.
The process of allocating funds to projects and investments involves several important steps, including analysis, selection, monitoring, and evaluating performance. Here are explanations of three of these steps:
Analysis: This step involves gathering and analyzing information about potential projects and investments to determine whether they are financially viable and aligned with the organization's goals and objectives. This includes conducting market research, analyzing financial statements and projections, assessing risks, and identifying potential barriers to success. The analysis phase helps decision-makers to make informed choices about which projects and investments to pursue.
Selection: Once potential projects and investments have been analyzed, the next step is to select the most promising ones. This involves using the information gathered during the analysis phase to compare options and choose the projects and investments that are most likely to provide the greatest returns on investment. The selection process may involve developing criteria for evaluating potential options, ranking them based on their financial potential, and weighing the costs and benefits of each option.
Monitoring: Once projects and investments have been selected and funded, it is important to monitor their progress and performance over time. This involves regularly reviewing financial and operational data to identify any potential issues or risks, and taking action to address them. Monitoring can help decision-makers to stay informed about the status of their investments, identify opportunities for improvement, and make adjustments to their funding strategies as needed.
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1. Can you describe any bargaining situation you found yourself in that didn't end up in your favour.
2. Can you explain why you think you ended up loosing the negotiation?
3. If you were to prepare to face a similar bargaining situation in the future what do you think you could do different?
4. Do you think it is still important to consider the national culture of prospective negotiation partners if your are to engage in global negotiations.
This is a set of questions about personal bargaining experiences, reflecting on why a negotiation may not have been successful and considering how to prepare for future negotiations, as well as the importance of considering national culture in global negotiations.
The first two questions ask the individual to describe a personal bargaining situation that didn't end up in their favor and to explain why they believe they lost the negotiation. The third question asks for ideas on how to prepare for future similar situations. The fourth question is about the importance of considering national culture in global negotiations.
These questions are meant to elicit reflections on personal negotiation experiences and provide an opportunity for individuals to consider the factors that influence successful bargaining outcomes. Understanding the importance of cross-cultural communication can be a key factor in achieving favorable negotiation results in global business settings.
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What is the implied interest rate on a Treasury bond ($100,000) futures contract that settled at 100-16? Assume that the contract relates to a 20-year, semiannual payment, 6 percent coupon rate. If interest rates increased by 1%, what would be the contract’s new value?
Answer:
To determine the implied interest rate on a Treasury bond futures contract, we need to convert the price quote (100-16) into a decimal form.
100-16 can be written as 100 + 16/32 = 100.50.
Next, we calculate the present value of the bond using the given information:
Face value of the bond (F) = $100,000
Coupon rate (C) = 6% (or 0.06)
Number of semiannual periods (n) = 20 years * 2 = 40
Discount rate (r) = Implied interest rate
Using the present value formula for a bond with semiannual payments:
PV = (C * F) / (1 + r/2)^n + F / (1 + r/2)^n
We know PV (present value) = $100.50 (the contract settlement price).
F = $100,000
C = 0.06
n = 40
Now we can solve for the implied interest rate (r) using the given information:
100.50 = (0.06 * 100,000) / (1 + r/2)^40 + 100,000 / (1 + r/2)^40
Using numerical methods or financial calculators, we can solve for the implied interest rate, which is approximately 0.0592 or 5.92%.
To calculate the contract's new value if interest rates increased by 1%, we need to adjust the implied interest rate. Adding 1% to the implied interest rate, we get 0.0592 + 0.01 = 0.0692 or 6.92%.
Using the adjusted interest rate, we can calculate the new contract value:
PV = (0.06 * 100,000) / (1 + 0.0692/2)^40 + 100,000 / (1 + 0.0692/2)^40
Again, using numerical methods or financial calculators, we can find that the new contract value is approximately $97.71.
Therefore, if interest rates increased by 1%, the contract's new value would be approximately $97.71.
Quintin works for a company that is being investigated for dumping waste into the ocean instead of property disposing of it. What organization is MOST
likely to be involved in this investigation?
FHA
FAA
EPA
NRC
The organization that is most likely to be involved in the investigation of a company dumping waste into the ocean instead of properly disposing of it is the C. EPA (Environmental Protection Agency).
What is Environmental Protection Agency?The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) is the federal agency that has the duty to enforce environmental laws and regulations in the United States.
It is also in charge of laws that are concerned with water pollution and waste management.
Authority has been bestowed on it by the government to investigate and punish individuals and companies that violate environmental laws.
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Which 2 reports are among the top 20 memorized reports that convert from QuickBooks Desktop to QuickBooks Online?
The two reports that are among the top 20 memorized reports that convert from QuickBooks Desktop to QuickBooks Online are Profit and Loss and Balance Sheet reports.
The Profit and Loss report, also known as the Income Statement, shows the revenue and expenses of a business over a specified period. It helps in understanding the profitability of a business by highlighting the revenue earned, cost of goods sold, and expenses incurred. Business owners can use this report to identify areas where they can reduce expenses and increase revenue.
On the other hand, the Balance Sheet report shows the financial position of a business at a particular point in time. It presents a snapshot of the assets, liabilities, and equity of a business. It helps in understanding the liquidity of a business and its ability to meet its financial obligations. Investors use this report to evaluate the financial health of a business before making investment decisions.
In summary, the Profit and Loss and Balance Sheet reports are essential reports that every business owner needs to understand to make informed financial decisions. They provide valuable insights into the financial health of a business and help in identifying areas that require improvement.
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3. Find the amount of tax owed: residential property valued at $162,000.00; assessed at 15%; taxed at $12.00 per hundred
dollars worth of property.
The amount of tax owed for the residential property is $29.16.
How to calculate the amount of tax owed1. Calculating the assessed value of the property by multiplying the property value by the assessment rate (expressed as a decimal):
Assessed value = Property value x Assessment rate
Assessed value = $162,000.00 x 0.15
Assessed value = $24,300.00
2. Calculate the taxable value of the property by dividing the assessed value by 100:
Taxable value = Assessed value / 100
Taxable value = $24,300.00 / 100
Taxable value = $243.00
3. Calculate the amount of tax owed by multiplying the taxable value by the tax rate:
Tax owed = Taxable value x Tax rate
Tax owed = $243.00 x ($12.00 / $100.00)
Tax owed = $29.16
Therefore, the amount of tax owed for the residential property is $29.16.
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Who is sign a contract for the sale of real estate means to what?
How To Find The Best Luxury Portable Restrooms In Sacrament
Research reliable agencies with tremendous opinions, lots of restroom options, and exact customer support. Ask for referrals and reach out for a quote.
To locate the great luxury transportable restrooms in Sacramento, you can start with the aid of learning from reputable corporations specializing in luxurious transportable restroom rentals. Look for groups with nice purchaser opinions and quite a few restroom alternatives to pick from. Consider factors along with the restroom's length, amenities, and cleanliness.
You also can ask for referrals from pals, a circle of relatives, or event planners who've used luxurious portable restrooms in the past. Once you have got a listing of ability agencies, attain out to them to talk about your desires and obtain a quote.
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If I paid 550 dollars every month how much did i pay in the past 7 years?
Hello!
1 month => 550
1 year = 12months => 550 x 12 =6600
7 year = 6600 x 7 = 46200
The answer is 46200
Mr. X owns a house property in Mumbai. The details of the property are as follows: The property is let out for residential purposes. The annual rent received from the property is ₹3,00,000. Municipal taxes paid during the year amounted to ₹20,000. The interest on loan taken for the property was ₹1,80,000. Compute the income from house property for Mr. X for the Assessment Year 2022-23.
The computed income from house property for Mr. X for the Assessment Year 2022-23 is -₹84,000.
To compute the income from house property for Mr. X for the Assessment Year 2022-23, we need to calculate the taxable income by considering the following details:
Gross Annual Value (GAV):
The GAV is the higher of the actual rent received or the fair rent of the property. In this case, the annual rent received is ₹3,00,000, so the GAV is ₹3,00,000.
Municipal Taxes:
The municipal taxes paid during the year amount to ₹20,000. This amount is deducted from the GAV to arrive at the Net Annual Value (NAV).
NAV = GAV - Municipal Taxes
NAV = ₹3,00,000 - ₹20,000
NAV = ₹2,80,000
Standard Deduction:
A standard deduction of 30% of the NAV is allowed to cover repair and maintenance expenses, regardless of the actual expenses incurred.
Standard Deduction = 30% of NAV
Standard Deduction = 0.3 * ₹2,80,000
Standard Deduction = ₹84,000
Interest on Loan:
The interest on the loan taken for the property is ₹1,80,000. This amount is deducted separately from the NAV after considering the standard deduction.
Income from House Property = NAV - Standard Deduction - Interest on Loan
Income from House Property = ₹2,80,000 - ₹84,000 - ₹1,80,000
Income from House Property = -₹84,000
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Ethics in PR therefore remains an important issue to consider. Discuss any five of the six values in codes of ethics proposed by Taylor and Yang (2014:549).
Six values are outlined in Taylor and Yang's rules of ethics for public relations professionals. Honesty, fairness, responsibility, respect, and transparency are the first five.
Here, we'll talk about five of them:
Honesty: It is expected of PR professionals to communicate with the public in an honest and direct manner. Building partner trust and maintaining the legitimacy of the business and the expert depend on trustworthiness.
Fairness: This value entails treating all partners equally and refraining from showing favoritism or segregation towards any group or individual. Experts should make an effort to be impartial in their communication and decision-making styles.
Responsibility: PR professionals have a duty to behave in the interests of their company and its partners. They should be accountable for the outcomes.
Respect is almost the recognition of the dignity and worth of each partner, regardless of their beliefs or roots. Professionals should speak in a conscientious, chivalrous, and sensitive manner towards social disparities.
Transparency: This value refers to the openness and disclosure of information by public relations professionals. Being direct is essential for developing trust and credibility with partners, and it matters to account for false assumptions and misunderstandings.
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Having good credit means you are a low-risk borrower
A-true
B-false
Answer: True
Explanation: if you have good credit it means in the past you have been responsible with money and haven't had trouble paying back loans in the past so the bank will be able to trust you with a loan.
Question 32
$24,800 is invested for 3 months in a savings account with a rate of 9% simple interest per year.
Find the interest.
$66,960.00
$5,580.00
$6,6960
$558.00
Ethics in PR therefore remains an important issue to consider. Discuss any five of the six values in codes of ethics proposed by Taylor and Yang (2014:549).
Taylor and Yang has given six values in codes of ethics for public relations practitioners. Five of them are- Honesty, Fairness, Responsibility, Respect and Transparency.
Here five of them are discussed-
Honesty: PR professionals are anticipated, to be honest and direct in their communication with the open. Trustworthiness is vital to building belief with partners and keeping up the validity of both the organization and the specialist. Fairness: This esteem involves treating all partners with fair-mindedness, not appearing favouritism or separation towards any gather or person. Specialists ought to endeavour to be evenhanded in their communication and decision-making forms. Responsibility: PR specialists have a obligation to act within the best intrigued of their organization and its partners. They ought to take duty for the results of their activities and guarantee that they are in compliance with important laws and moral benchmarks. Respect: Respect is almost recognizing the nobility and worth of all partners, notwithstanding their foundations or convictions. Professionals ought to communicate in a way that's conscious, chivalrous, and touchy to social contrasts. Transparency: This esteem alludes to the openness and revelation of information by PR specialists. Straightforwardness is imperative for building belief and validity with partners, and it makes a difference to anticipate mistaken assumptions and miscommunication.To learn more about Ethics,
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Taylor and Yang proposed six core values in their codes of ethics for public relations practitioners
The codes of ethics can be noted as -
Honesty: PR professionals should communicate in a genuine, accurate manner without misleading or deceiving the public.Loyalty: PR professionals should be honest and open in their communication, as well as loyal to the businesses, causes, or organisations they represent.Integrity: PR professionals ought to uphold high moral standards, operate honourably, and steer clear of conflicts of interest.Respect: PR professionals should show respect for the diversity of viewpoints and refrain from prejudice towards any group.Accountability: PR professionals should be accountable to the public, their clients, and stakeholders for their activities and even communications.Fairness: PR professionals should make sure that communication is accurate and balanced, and should abstain from sensationalising, exaggerating, or twisting the truth.Read more about codes of ethics on:
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cleteleteks
Assignment
The following data reflect the production programme items of
2014:
during the year of
ALRIFAL
(i) Beginning inventory for the second production period was estimated to be 120 KGs. The
ending inventory for such period was 100 KGs. The storage lower limit is greater than the
ending inventory of the last production period of the year 2013 by 20 KGs.
(ii) The market's demand for both of the first production period and the last production period of
the year 2014 was estimated to be 300 KGs. The total available production for the first
production period for such year was 420 KGs and the order which comes from the
production department for such period is to produce 400 KGs taking into consideration
that the quantity that had already been produced is only 320 KGs.
(iii) The sum of both of the old and the new production for the third production period of the year
2014 was 600 KGs. The production order to such period was to cover 550 KGs.
(iv) The production that includes the defect amount for the second production period of the year
2014 was estimated to be 450 KGs. The production that had already been defective for both
of such period and the last production period for such year was 50 KGs.
You are required to prepare the production programme of the above case knowing that the annual
R
ALRIFAL
production of
was segmented quarterly and the beginning inventory of both of the first
production period of the year 2015 and the last production period of 2014 was 140KGs. Justify your
answer while showing how the necessary calculations.
To prepare the production program for the given case, we need to calculate the production quantities for each period based on the provided information. Here's how the necessary calculations can be done:
Beginning inventory for the second production period of 2014: 120 KGs
Ending inventory for the second production period of 2014: 100 KGs
Storage lower limit compared to the ending inventory of the last production period of 2013: 20 KGs.The beginning inventory for the second production period of 2014 can be calculated as follows:
Beginning inventory = Ending inventory - Storage lower limit
Beginning inventory = 100 KGs - 20 KGs
Beginning inventory = 80 KGs
First production period of 2014:
Market demand = 300 KGs
Total available production = 420 KGs
Quantity already produced = 320 KGs
Order from the production department = 400 KGs
To meet the production order, the required production for the first period is calculated as follows:
Required production = Order from the production department - Quantity already produced
Required production = 400 KGs - 320 KGs
Required production = 80 KGs
Third production period of 2014:
Sum of old and new production = 600 KGs
Production order = 550 KGs
To meet the production order, the required production for the third period is already sufficient:
Required production = Production order
Required production = 550 KGs
Defective production for the second production period of 2014 and the last production period of 2014: 50 KGs
The actual production for the second period can be calculated by adding the defective amount to the estimated production:
Actual production = Estimated production + Defective production
Actual production = 450 KGs + 50 KGs
Actual production = 500 KGs
Based on these calculations, the production program for the given case is as follows:
First production period (2014): 80 KGs
Second production period (2014): 500 KGs
Third production period (2014): 550 KGs
Last production period (2014): 140 KGs (Beginning inventory for the first production period of 2015 and last production period of 2014)
These production quantities ensure meeting the market demand and accounting for the beginning and ending inventories for each period as specified in the given data.
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Alpha and Gamma are friends since their childhood. They have got whole of their education in every
school jointly. Recently, both of them have graduated from a local business school getting degrees in
business management. After this graduation, they decided to start a business of online car rental. For that
purpose, they got developed a mobile application named Carg that can be run on all Android and Apple
smart phones. Further, they shared their business plan with a professional promotor to setup a new
business entity. With all the necessary documentation, the new entity has been successfully registered on
5
th of January 2023 with the SECP as a limited liability company in the name of Alpha Limited. It was
registered with the capital of Rs. 500,000 divided into 25,000 ordinary shares of Rs. 20 each. On 20th of
January, the new company offered 15,000 shares at par to the general public. On 23rd of January, the
company’s bank informed it that application money on 14,500 shares has been received from the general
public in the company’s bank account. Alpha’s management allotted shares to all the applicants on 31st of
January, 2023.
You are required to identify the kinds of share capital presented in this case describing briefly the
each kind.
In the given case, the following kinds of share capital are presented like Authorized Share Capital, Issued Share Capital, Subscribed Share Capital, Called-up Share Capital, Paid-up Share Capital.
1. Authorized Share Capital:
The authorized share capital refers to the maximum amount of capital that a company is authorized to issue to its shareholders. In this case, the authorized share capital of Alpha Limited is Rs. 500,000, which represents the total value of shares that the company is allowed to offer to the public.
2. Issued Share Capital:
The issued share capital represents the portion of the authorized share capital that the company has actually issued and allotted to shareholders. In this case, the company has issued 25,000 ordinary shares of Rs. 20 each, amounting to Rs. 500,000.
3. Subscribed Share Capital:
The subscribed share capital is the portion of the issued share capital for which shareholders have subscribed or applied. It represents the shares that have been allocated to specific individuals or entities. In this case, the company offered 15,000 shares to the general public, and the applicants subscribed for 14,500 shares by submitting their application and the corresponding application money.
4. Called-up Share Capital:
The called-up share capital refers to the portion of the subscribed share capital for which the company has made a call for payment. Once the shares are allotted, the company may require shareholders to pay the amount due on their shares. In this case, it is not explicitly mentioned whether a call was made or if any amount was due on the shares.
5. Paid-up Share Capital:
The paid-up share capital represents the amount that shareholders have actually paid on their shares. It is the portion of the called-up share capital that has been paid by the shareholders to the company. In this case, it is not mentioned whether the applicants have made the payment for the allotted shares, so the status of the paid-up share capital is unclear.
It's important to note that further details about the share capital structure and transactions, such as the timing and amount of payments, would provide a more comprehensive understanding of the company's share capital.
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Read the following scenario and answer the question below:
You are a public relations officer working for a local non-profit organisation called "Green Future" that focuses on promoting sustainable practices and environmental awareness in the community. The organisation has just launched a new initiative to encourage people to reduce their plastic waste and switch to reusable alternatives.
3.1. Write a press release to send to various media houses to promote this initiative and raise awareness about the importance of reducing plastic waste. Your press release should be structured according to the press release example provided in ‘Additional Resources/Supplementary Exam. Please note: The address, contact details and content provided in the press release are just an example of what should be included in your press release, and how it should be structured. For your press release you must write in your own, original words.
Also, as this is a hypothetical case study, you may make up your own address and contact details for “Green Future. (20)
FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE
Green Future Launches Groundbreaking Initiative to Reduce Plastic Waste and Promote Sustainability
[City, Date] – Green Future, a local non-profit organization committed to fostering sustainable practices and raising environmental awareness, is proud to announce the launch of an innovative initiative aimed at reducing plastic waste and encouraging the adoption of reusable alternatives within the community.
Plastic pollution has become a pressing issue globally, posing significant threats to our environment, wildlife, and human health. With this new initiative, Green Future aims to tackle this problem head-on by empowering individuals to make conscious choices that can have a lasting positive impact on the planet.
Under the program, Green Future will engage with local businesses, educational institutions, and community members to promote the importance of reducing plastic waste. The initiative will provide educational resources, organize workshops, and distribute reusable alternatives such as cloth bags, stainless steel water bottles, and bamboo straws.
"We believe that collective action is key to addressing the plastic waste crisis," said [Spokesperson's Name], spokesperson for Green Future. "By raising awareness and offering practical solutions, we hope to inspire individuals to make sustainable choices and contribute to a greener future."
To further amplify the message and encourage widespread participation, Green Future has also partnered with media outlets, influencers, and community leaders who are committed to championing environmental causes.
To learn more about the initiative and how you can get involved, please visit [website URL] or contact Green Future at [contact information].
About Green Future:
Green Future is a non-profit organization dedicated to promoting sustainable practices and environmental awareness. Since its establishment [year], Green Future has been at the forefront of environmental initiatives, collaborating with various stakeholders to drive positive change within our community.
Media Contact:
[Your Name]
[Your Position]
[Phone number]
[Email address]
Green Future
[Address]
[City, State, ZIP]
[Phone number]
[Email address]
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A pipeline company is designing an undersea pipeline to
an off-shore field. It anticipates the possibility that this line could be used in a
neighboring field. The design thus calls for a "Y-shaped" layout, where the
single line from the shore has a branch to the second field. The company
could install the branch now at an extra cost of $18M. fI the oil prices and the
quantity of crude justify the full exploitation of the second field, the branch
pipeline would be worth $40M. However, there is ac h a n c e , may be 2 in 3,
that the oil company would only develop part of the second field, in which
case the branch pipelinewould worth only $10M.
Alternatively, the company could lay a line to a single field, and enable the
possibility of the branch link tothe second field by creating a "T-junction" ni
the pipeline. fI the oil companies decide to develop the second field, the
pipeline company would then have to pay $20 million to lay the branch line.
AL.I. LIBRARY
You may assume for this problem that:
-It will take 2 years to know fi the second field wil be developed and the
value of pipeline;
-The pipeline couldbe sold to other companies at the stated values;
-The discount rate for the company is 15% annually; and
-The risk-free rate is 5% annually.
4.1 What kind of option that is available to thesituation? Explain your
answer.
4.2 Draw an option payoff diagram for the option in this venture
indicates the value of the exercise price and what is the underlying
asset price in this case.
4.3 Calculate the value of the option using the decision tree.
4.4 Draw the option tree and find the value of the option using the one
period binomial approximation.
Assuming that the pipeline company is designing an undersea pipeline for transporting oil or natural gas, one of the main challenges that they would need to address is the risk of potential leaks or damage to the pipeline.
In order to mitigate these risks, the company may consider various design options such as using thicker pipes, adding protective coatings, or installing monitoring systems.
To evaluate these design options, the company could use an option tree analysis which involves creating a decision tree that outlines the different possible scenarios and their associated costs and benefits. For example, one scenario could be a leak in the pipeline which would require costly repairs and cleanup efforts, while another scenario could be a successful pipeline with lower maintenance costs and increased revenue.
Using a one-period binomial approximation, the company could estimate the value of the option tree by calculating the expected value of each scenario and discounting it by the probability of its occurrence. This would provide a rough estimate of the expected value of each design option, allowing the company to make informed decisions about the most cost-effective and safe design for their undersea pipeline.
In summary, designing an undersea pipeline for transporting oil or gas requires careful consideration of potential risks and trade-offs. Using an option tree analysis and one-period binomial approximation can help pipeline companies evaluate different design options and make informed decisions based on their expected costs and benefits.
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