Answer:
throw the lakes to make a current maybe?
Explanation:
A copper penny has a mass of 3.0 g. A total of 4.0 × 1012 electrons are transferred from one neutral penny to another. If the electrostatic force of attraction between the pennies is equal to the weight of a penny, what is the separation between them?
Answer:
F = K Q1 Q2 / R^2 = m g
Q1 = - Q2 = (4E12 * 1.60E-19) = 6.4E-7 coulombs
Q^2 = 4.10E-13
R^2 = 9.0E9 * 4.1E-13 / (.003 * 9.80) = 36.9E-4 / 2.94E-2
R^2 = .126
R = .35 m
F = K Q1 Q2 / R^2 = m g, Q1 = - Q2 = (4E12 * 1.60E-19) = 6.4E-7 coulombs Q^2 = 4.10E-13, R^2 = 9.0E9 * 4.1E-13 / (.003 * 9.80) = 36.9E-4 / 2.94E-2 R^2 = .126 and R = .35 m.
What is Electrostatic force?Due to their electric charges, particles can be attracted to or repelled by electrostatic forces. This force is also known as the Coulomb force or Coulomb contact, and it was first described in 1785 by French physicist Charles-Augustin de Coulomb.
Over a distance of 10-16 meters, or roughly one-tenth the diameter of an atomic nucleus, the electrostatic force is present. While opposite charges attract one another, like charges repel one another.
For instance, two positively charged protons, two negatively charged electrons, or two anions all repel one another. Cation and anions, as well as protons and electrons, are all attracted to one another.
Therefore, F = K Q1 Q2 / R^2 = m g, Q1 = - Q2 = (4E12 * 1.60E-19) = 6.4E-7 coulombs Q^2 = 4.10E-13, R^2 = 9.0E9 * 4.1E-13 / (.003 * 9.80) = 36.9E-4 / 2.94E-2 R^2 = .126 and R = .35 m.
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Determine the lamp wattage required to obtain an illumination level of 50 f-c over a 100 ft2 area if a fixture is used with a CU of 0.75 and 80% of the available light reaches the work surface, the rest being absorbed by walls and other items in the space. Assume a luminous efficacy of 70 lumens/watt.
Lamp Wattage is utilized with a CU of 0.75 and 80 percent of the available light reaches the work surface, the remaining 20 percent is absorbed by walls and other objects in the space, resulting in an illumination level of 50 f-c over a 100 ft2 area
The term "lumen" refers to the emission of "luminous flux," which is a measurement of the total amount of visible light emitted by a source in a certain amount of time. The illumination level over a 100 ft2 area will be 50 f-c Lamp Wattage with a CU of 0.75 used, with 80 percent of the available light reaching the work surface and the remaining 20 percent being absorbed by walls and other objects in the room.
Total Lamp Wattage = Number of Lamps X Wattage of Each Lamp.
The fixtures' total wattage is 2 x 32, or 64 watts.
Lumen per Fixtures equals Lumen Efficiency (Lumen per Watt) times the Watt of each Fixture
85x 64 = 5440 lumens per fixture.
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2. Find rectangular coordinates for the point (6, 240°).
Answer:
(-3, -3√3)
Explanation:
To convert from polar coordinate to rectangular coordinate, first you have to know these two equations:
[tex]\displaystyle{x=r\cos \theta}\\\displaystyle{y=r\sin \theta}[/tex]
We know that (x,y) is in rectangular coordinate form while (r,θ) is in polar coordinate form.
Therefore, substitute r = 6 and θ = 240° in both equations:
[tex]\displaystyle{x=6\cos 240^{\circ}}\\\displaystyle{y=6\sin 240^{\circ}}[/tex]
After evaluating, you'll get:
[tex]\displaystyle{x=-3}\\\displaystye{y=-3\sqrt{3}}[/tex]
Therefore, substitute x and y in rectangular coordinate form - hence, the answer is (-3, -3√3)
Voltage-gated calcium ion channels that function in neurotransmission are primarily found on the:_________
Voltage-gated calcium ion channels that function in neurotransmission are primarily found on the: excitable cells
A neurotransmitter is the body’s chemical messenger. They are molecules that transmit signals from neurons to muscles, or between different neurons. The transmission of signals between two neurons occurs in the synaptic cleft.
The electrical signals that travel along the axon are briefly converted into chemical signals through neurotransmitters.
Voltage-gated calcium (Ca2+) channels are key transducers of membrane potential changes into intracellular Ca2+ transients that initiate many physiological events. There are ten members of the voltage-gated Ca2+ channel family in mammals, and they serve distinct roles in cellular signal transduction.
They are found in excitable cells, not only in motor neurons but also in other types of excitable cells .
Voltage-gated calcium channels are important mediators of depolarization-evoked release of neurotransmitters. To ensure efficient coupling of calcium influx to rapid vesicle release, calcium channels must be localized within the active zones of presynaptic nerve terminals
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A carnival Ferris wheel has a 15-m radius and completes five turns about its horizontal axis every minute. What is the acceleration of a passenger at his lowest point during the ride
If a Ferris wheel has a 15-m radius and completes five turns about its horizontal axis every minute then the acceleration of a passenger at his lowest point during the ride is 4.11 [tex]\text{m/s}^{2}[/tex].
Calculation:
Step-1:
It is given that the radius of the Ferris wheel is r=15 m, and the angular speed of the wheel is [tex]\omega[/tex]=5rev/min.
It is required to find the angular acceleration of a passenger at his lowest point during the ride.
The formula required to calculate the angular acceleration is, [tex]a=\omega ^2 r[/tex].
Step-2:
Now substituting the given values into the equation to get the value of the angular acceleration.
[tex]\begin{aligned}a &=\omega^{2} r \\&=(5 \mathrm{rev} / \mathrm{min})^{2}(15 \mathrm{~m}) \\&=\left(5 \mathrm{rev} / \mathrm{min} \times \frac{\left(\frac{2 \pi}{60}\right) \mathrm{rad} / \mathrm{sec}}{1 \mathrm{rev} / \mathrm{min}}\right)^{2}(15 \mathrm{~m}) \\&=(0.2741 \times 15) \mathrm{m} / \mathrm{s}^{2} \\&=4.11 \mathrm{~m} / \mathrm{s}^{2}\end{aligned}[/tex]
The acceleration is towards upwards that means towards the center of the wheel.
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describe how you would connect a voltmeter to measure the potential difference across a resistor and an ammeter to measure the current through a resistor
A voltmeter needs to be connected in parallel to the two sites in order to measure the potential difference between them.
What is a voltmeter?The electrical potential difference between two locations in an electric circuit is measured using a voltmeter.The potential difference between two ends of a current-carrying conductor is measured using a voltmeter.On a scale that is typically measured in volts, millivolts (0.001 volts), or kilovolts, a voltmeter primarily monitors the voltage of direct or alternating electric current (1,000 volts).Numerous voltmeters are digital and display readings as numbers.How is a voltmeter connected?A galvanometer with high resistance is a voltmeter.Any portion of an electrical circuit can be measured.Due to its high resistance, it is linked in parallel so that it does not impact the circuit's overall net resistance and does not draw any current by itself.A device's voltage is measured by a voltmeter connected in parallel, and its current is measured by an ammeter connected in series.Learn more about voltmeters here
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The crystal in a digital watch oscillates at a rate of 215 Hz. If the maximum displacement of one crystal face (measured from one extreme of its motion to the other) is 50 nm, what is the maximum speed of the face?
The maximum speed of the face is determined as 6.75 x 10⁻⁵ m/s.
Maximum speed of the face
v = fλ
where;
f is frequency of the waveλ is the wavelengthAngular speed of the waveω = 2πf
v(max) = ωA
v(max) = 2πfA
where;
A is amplitude of the wavev(max) = 2π(215)(50 x 10⁻⁹ m)
v(max) = 6.75 x 10⁻⁵ m/s
Thus, the maximum speed of the face is determined as 6.75 x 10⁻⁵ m/s.
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A 1.5 kg ballistic cart, moving at 2.8 m/s, ejects a 25 g ball vertically with an initial velocity of 6.5 m/s. What is the magnitude of the initial velocity of the ball relative to the ground?
a. 2.8 m/s
b. 9.3m/s
c. 7.1 m/s
d. 6.5 m/s
The magnitude of the initial velocity of the ball relative to the ground is 9.3 m/s.
What is relative velocity?Relative velocity is the velocity of an object relative to another moving in the same plane. On frame of reference is used when measuring relative velocity.
The velocity of the ball relative to the ground is the sum of the velocity of the ballistic cart and the velocity in which the ball is ejected.
The velocity of the ball relative to the ground = 6.5 m/s + 2.8 m/s = 9.3 m/s
In conclusion, relative velocity measures the velocity of an object from a reference point.
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Why might the measurements of ""true distances"" be different for different groups even though they are measuring the same distance?
While measuring , there are a lot of errors which can happen due to which ""true distances"" be different for different groups even though they are measuring the same distance.
While measuring , there are a lot of errors which can happen , to find the most correct value in order to make the result precise and accurate number of measurements needed to be done in order to reduce the error
As nothing can be measured with full precision and accuracy, different measurements for different groups even though they are measuring the same distance.
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A 16.9 kg monkey is swinging on a
5.32 m long vine. It starts at rest,
with the vine at a 43.0° angle.
How much PE does the monkey
have?
(Unit = J)
The potential energy of the monkey at the given position is 600.9 J.
What is potential energy?Potential energy is the energy stored in a body that depends upon the relative position of various parts of the body.
It increases with increase in the height of the object above the ground level.
Potential energy of the monkeyThe potential energy of the monkey is calculated as follows;
P.E = mgh
P.E = mg (L sin43)
where;
m is mass of the monkey, given as 16.9 kgg is acceleration due to gravity, given as 9.8 m/s²L is length of the vine given as 5.32 mSubstitute the given parameters and solve potential energy of the monkey
P.E = (16.9)(9.8)( 5.32 x sin 43)
P.E = 600.9 J
Thus, the potential energy of the monkey at the given position is 600.9 J.
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The focal length of the objective of a telescope is 75.0 cm. While the eyepiece has a focal length of 6.00 cm, what is the magnifying power of this telescope
The magnifying power of this telescope is 12,5.
What is a telescope?
The telescope is an optical instrument that aims to allow the observation of large objects at long distances, such as galaxies, stars and planets. It consists of two parts: the objective, which can be a lens or a curved mirror, and the eyepiece, made up of a set of lenses.
With that being said and knowing that:
The focal length of the objective of a telescope (fo) = 75cm; The focal length of the eyepiece of a telescope (fe) = 6cm.
[tex]M = \frac{fo}{fe}[/tex]
Changing the values:
[tex]M = \frac{75}{6} = 12,5[/tex]
So, The magnifying power of this telescope is 12,5.
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The period of a satellite, the time it takes for a complete revolution, depends on the satellite's: _________
The period of a satellite, the time it takes for a complete revolution, depends on the satellite's mass of planet and the distance of satellite form center of the planet .
According to the question
The period of a satellite, the time it takes for a complete revolution, depends on the satellite's:
1. The mass of the planet being orbited
2. The distance of the satellite from the center of the planet.
Hence, The period of a satellite, the time it takes for a complete revolution, depends on the satellite's mass of planet and the distance of satellite form center of the planet .
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A kettle was tested for its energy efficiency. Its power rating was 900 W. Over the course of 4 minutes and 30 seconds, its useful energy output was 0.05 kWh. How do I answer this ?
A kettle was tested for its energy efficiency. Its power rating was 900 W. Over the course of 4 minutes and 30 seconds, its useful energy output was 0.05 kWh
Energy is referred to by scientists as the capacity for work. People have figured out how to transform energy from one form to another and then use it to accomplish tasks, making modern civilization possible.
Thermal energy, radiant energy, chemical energy, nuclear energy, electrical energy, motion energy, sound energy, elastic energy, and gravitational energy are among the several types of energy.
The ability to perform tasks is referred to as energy. Formula. Potential energy is the energy that an object has stored because of its position and height, and it may be calculated using the following formula: P.E. equals mgh.
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A CD has diameter of 110110 millimeters. When playing audio, the angular speed varies to keep the linear speed constant where the disc is being read. When reading along the outer edge of the disc, the angular speed is about 220220 RPM (revolutions per minute). Find the linear speed.
Answer: A CD has diameter of 110 millimeters. When playing audio, the angular speed varies to keep the linear speed constant where the disc is being read. When reading along the outer edge of the disc, the angular speed is about 220 RPM (revolutions per minute). Then, the linear speed of the disc will be 1.26 m/s.
Explanation: To find the answer we need to know about the uniform circular motion.
What is uniform circular motion?When a body moves in a circular path with a constant speed, it is said to be in uniform circular motion.The rate of change of angular displacement is called the angular velocity.Relation between angular velocity, linear velocity and the radius of revolution is given as,[tex]v=rw[/tex]
The relation between angular velocity and the frequency of revolution can be written as,[tex]w=2\pi f[/tex]
How to solve the problem?Given that the diameter of the disc as 110mm.Thus, the radius of the disc will be 55 mmThere are 220 revolutions per minute, thus the angular velocity w will be,[tex]w=2\pi f=2\pi *220 min^{-1}=1381.6 min^{-1}[/tex]
As we know that,[tex]1mm=10^{-3}m\\1min=60s\\thus,\\w=\frac{1381.6}{60} =23.02 s^{-1}.[/tex]
Thus, the linear speed will be,[tex]v=wr=23.02*55*10^{-3}=1.26 m/s[/tex]
Thus, we can conclude that the linear speed of the disc will be 1.26 m/s.
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Disclaimer: The question was given wrong in the given portal. Here is the correct question.
Question: A CD has diameter of 110 millimeters. When playing audio, the angular speed varies to keep the linear speed constant where the disc is being read. When reading along the outer edge of the disc, the angular speed is about 220 RPM (revolutions per minute). Find the linear speed.
Objects a and b each have a mass of 25 kilograms. object a has a velocity of 5.98 meters/second. object b is stationary. they undergo a perfectly elastic collision in one dimension. what is the total kinetic energy of the system after the collision?
The total kinetic energy of the system after collision is 223.5J
In elastic collision kinetic energy and momentum are conserved.
According to the question
mass of object a = 25kg
mass of object b = 25 kg
initial velocity of a u1 = 5.98 m/s
initial velocity of b u2 = 0
so from momentum conservation-
mau1 + mbu2 = (m1+m2)v
25kg × 5.98m/s + 25×0 = (25+25)v
v = 2.99 m/s
Now the total kinetic energy after the collision will be:
final kinetic energy = 1/2 (m1+m2) v²
= 1/2 (25+25)× (2.99)²
= 223.5 J
Thus, total kinetic energy of the system after collision is 223.5J
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What is accurate about the planet’s climate system?
The accurate about the planet’s climate system is the wind
because heating near the equator blows the wind to drive the convection cells in the atmosphere, and the friction created by the rotation of the spherical planet in the atmosphere causes the wind to appear to bend left or right across the surface of the planet. ..
The climate system is a highly complex global system consisting of five major components: the atmosphere, the ocean, the cryosphere (cryosphere), the land surface, the biosphere, and the interactions between them.
Solar energy drives the climate by heating the surface of the earth unevenly. Ice also reflects incoming sunlight, further cooling the poles. Temperature differences move the ocean and atmosphere as they work together to disperse heat throughout the globe.
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A graph with vertical axis Energy Unit and horizontal axis Amplitude Unit. A line goes in straight segments from 1 16 to 2 9 to 4 1.
Tara prepared a report to show how the amplitude of waves affects the energy of waves. Is her graphical representation correct? Why or why not?
The graphical representation of Tara is correct because of energy of the wave depends on the amplitude of the wave.
Energy of a waveThe energy of a wave due to the motion of a spring is calculated as follows;
E = ¹/₂KA²
where;
k is the force constant of the springA is the amplitude of the waveThus, the graphical representation of Tara is correct because of energy of the wave depends on the amplitude of the wave.
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Answer: No, it is not correct because as the amplitude of a wave increases, the energy it carries also increases. This graph shows that as the amplitude increases, the energy decreases.
Explanation:
Describe the usefulness of frictional force when a soccer player runs with soccer boots
Frictional force provided by the teeth of the boots which are in contact with the grass in the soccer pitch enables the soccer player to start running and prevents him from slipping and falling.
What is friction?Friction is the opposition to the relative motion of one object over another at their surface of contact.
Friction is a type of contact force as it requires between the two objects for its effect to be felt.
Friction has both advantages and disadvantages.
On of the advantages of friction is in the ability to walk or run. Friction between the ground and the foot or the boots of a person walking or running enables the person from slipping.
For example, when a soccer player runs with soccer boots, friction enables the runner to start running and prevents him from slipping and falling. The friction is provided by the teeth of the boots which are in contact with the grass in the soccer pitch.
In conclusion, friction enables a soccer player to start running and also prevents him from falling.
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The radial velocity method preferentially detects: Choose one: A. all of the above described planets equally well. B. small planets far from the central star. C. small planets close to the central star. D. large planets close to the central star. E. large planets far from the central star.
The radial velocity method preferentially detects large planets close to the central star
what is the Radial velocity:The radial velocity technique is able to detect planets around low-mass stars, such as M-type (red dwarf) stars.
This is due to the fact that low mass stars are more affected by the gravitational tug of planets.
When a planet orbits around a star, the star wobbles a little.
From this, we can determine the mass of the planet and its distance from the star.
hence we can say that,
option D is correct.
The radial velocity method preferentially detects large planets close to the central star
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A 1.75 kg box is pushed with a 8.35 N force across ground where k = 0.267. What is the net force on the box?
The net force acting on the box of mass 1.75kg when it is pushed across a ground with coefficient of friction k=0.267 with a force of 8.35N, is 3.77N.
To find the answer, we have to know more about the basic forces acting on a body.
How to find the net force on the box?Let us draw the free body diagram of the given box with the data's given in the question.From the diagram, we get,[tex]N=mg\\F_t=ma\\F_t=F-f[/tex]
where, N is the normal reaction, mg is the weight of the box, [tex]F_t[/tex] is the net force, f is the kinetic friction.
We have the expression for kinetic friction as,[tex]f=kN=kmg=0.267*1.75*9.8= 4.58N[/tex]
Thus, the net force will be,[tex]F_t= 8.35-4.58=3.77N[/tex]
Thus, we can conclude that, the net force acting on the box of mass 1.75kg when it is pushed across a ground with coefficient of friction k=0.267 with a force of 8.35N, is 3.77N.
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The net force acting on the box is 3.77 N.
We need to learn more about the fundamental forces affecting a body in order to locate the solution.
How can I determine the box's net force?Let's use the information provided in the question to draw the free body diagram of the given box.The diagram gives us,[tex]N=mg\\F_n=F-f[/tex]
where N stands for the normal reaction, mg for the box's weight, is the net force, and f for kinetic friction.
The kinetic friction expression is as follows:[tex]f=kN=kmg=4.58N[/tex]
the net force will be as follows:[tex]F_n=3.77N[/tex]
Thus, it is clear that the box with a mass of 1.75 kg will experience a net force of 3.77 N when it is pushed across a surface with a coefficient of friction of 0.264.
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What does a dielectric do to a capacitor?
A dielectric fabric is used to split the conductive plates of a capacitor. This insulating cloth significantly determines the properties of a component. The dielectric constant of fabric determines the amount of strength that a capacitor can keep while voltage is applied.
A capacitor is an electrical component that attracts energy from a battery and stores the power. Internal, the terminals connect with metal plates separated by way of a non-engaging in substance. While activated, a capacitor quickly releases electricity in a tiny fraction of a 2d.
Capacitor, a tool for storing electric electricity, together with two conductors in near proximity and insulated from each different. A simple example of this sort of garage tool is the parallel-plate capacitor.
A capacitor is a tool that shops electric power in an electric-powered area. it is a passive digital thing with terminals. The effect of a capacitor is called capacitance.
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A pulley system is used to lift a 4500 n weight using a 900 n force. if the mass moves 1.0m while the pulley is pulled 6.0m, what is the efficiency of the machine?
The efficiency of the machine is determined as 83.3 %.
Mechanical advantage of the pulley
M.A = load/Effort
M.A = 4500/900 = 5
Velocity ratio of the pulleyV.R = distance moved by effort/distance moved by load
V.R = 6/1 = 6
Efficiency of the pulleyE = M.A/V.R x 100%
E = (5/6) x 100%
E = 83.3 %
Thus, the efficiency of the machine is determined as 83.3 %.
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Does your experimental density of the unknown liquid agree with the true value? if no, give reasons for the discrepancy. Do not include operator errors
The reasons for the discrepancy in the experimental density of the unknown liquid agree with the true value can be instrument not having same levels , Temperature Effects , Kind of scales used and Shape of objects used for measure .
According to the question
Discrepancy:
The state or quality of being discrepant or in disagreement, as by displaying an unexpected or unacceptable difference; inconsistency.
Density:
Density is mass per unit volume, so when measuring density, you find the mass of the object and divide it by its measured volume.
All measurements include some uncertainty, however, and certain kinds of errors can increase the uncertainty in your calculation.
The reason of discrepancy in the experimental density of the unknown liquid agree with the true value can be:
1. Use of instrument not having same levels
2. Temperature Effects as Density varies with temperature .
3. Kind of scales used for measures
4. Shape of objects used for measure .
Hence, the reasons for the discrepancy is instrument not having same levels , Temperature Effects , Kind of scales used and Shape of objects used for measure .
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Find the work done by a person weighing 133 lb walking exactly one revolution(s) up a circular, spiral staircase of radius 5 ft if the person rises 13 ft after one revolution.
The work done by a person will be 2341.28 J
Work done is negative of change in potential energy, that is W=−(∆U). It means that Work done against a force (or work done on a system) increases its potential energy. And Work done by a force (or work done by the system) decreases its potential energy
mass = 60.33kg
height = 3.96 m
work done = change in potential energy
= m*g*h
= 60.33* 9.8 * 3.96 = 2341.28 J
The work done by a person will be 2341.28 J
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Which would require the greater energy; slowing down of the orbital speed of the Earth so it crashes into the sun, or speeding up the orbital speed of the Earth so it escapes the sun
Answer: Speeding up the orbital speed of earth so it escapes the sun require the greater energy.
Explanation: To find the answer, we need to know more about the Orbital and escape velocities.
What is Orbital and Escape velocity?Orbital velocity can be defined as the minimum velocity required to put the satellite in its orbit around the earth.The expression for orbital velocity near to the surface of earth will be,[tex]V_o=\sqrt{gR}[/tex]
Escape velocity can be defined as the minimum velocity with which a body must be projected from the surface of earth, so that it escapes from the gravitational field of earth.The expression for orbital velocity will be,[tex]V_e=\sqrt{2gR}[/tex]
If we want to get into the sun, we want to slow down almost completely, so that your speed relative to the sun became almost zero.We need about twice the raw speed to go to the sun than to leave the sun.Thus, we can conclude that, the speeding up the orbital speed of earth so it escapes the sun require the greater energy.
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The flywheel shown has a radius of 20 in., a weight of 330 lbs, and a radius of gyration of 15 in. A 110-lb block A is attached to a wire that is wrapped around the flywheel, and the system is released from rest. The effect of friction is neglected.
The acceleration Block A is derived as a= 11.983ft/s². See explanation below.
What is the calculation deriving the above?Recall that we are given the following:
Radium = 20 inches
Weight = 330lbs
Radius of gyration = 15in
Mass of Block = 110lb
The formula for Moment of Inertia is also given as:
I = mk²
= 330 [ 15/12]²
I = 515.625 lb/ft²
To derive the moment about O, we recourse to
∈M₀ = I∝
TR = I∝
T [20/12] = 515.625 ∝
T = 309.375∝
Next, to derive the weight of the block A hanging freely,
Wa = MAg
= 110 x 32.2
= 3542 lbf
Acceleration is derived by
A = r∝
= [20/12] ∝
a = 1.667 ∝.........Lets call this equation 1
Value of the acceleration derived by Dalembert Principle
∈Fy = mAa
Wa-T = mAa
3542 - 309.375∝ = 110 x 1.667∝
3542 = 492.745∝
∝ = 7.8188 Rad/s²............Lets call this equation 2
Substituting the value of ∝ in equation 1, we have
a = 1.667∝
= 1.667 x 7.1883
a = 11.983 ft/s²
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If the platinum-based engine is run continuously at 300 k for 1 hour with 0.50 atm of h2 and 0.50 atm of o2 injected for each reaction, approximately what mass of water will be produced?
About 4.5 mol of water will be created when the platinum-based engine is run continuously at 300 K for an hour with 0.5 atm of H2 and 0.5 atm of O2 injected for each reaction.
For fuel cell engines' electrodes, platinum is a requirement. It acts as an electrocatalyst to speed up the electrochemical reactions needed to induce H2 to release electrons and form H2 ions when it is placed on porous electrodes.
Platinum is particularly well suited as a fuel cell catalyst because it makes it possible for the hydrogen and oxygen reactions to occur at an ideal rate and because it is stable enough to withstand both the intense electrical current density and the complex chemical environment found inside a fuel cell. This allows platinum to function effectively over an extended period of time.
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What mass of steam at 100 ∘C must be added to 1.70 kg of ice at 0 ∘C to yield liquid water at 15 ∘C ? The heat of fusion for water is 333 kJ/kg , the specific heat is 4186 J/kg⋅C∘ , the heat of vaporization is 2260 kJ/kg .
The heat needed to turn water into ice at zero degrees is expressed as mL = 1.70*333000 = 566100 J. specific heat of vaporization is necessary to raise its temperature.
a unit mass's transition from a liquid at its boiling point to a gas at the same temperature, measured in terms of heat. is the specific heat of vaporization
The quantity of energy (enthalpy) that must be added to a liquid substance in order to convert some of that substance into a gas is known as the heat of evaporation. At 100 °C, which is the boiling point of water, the specific heat of vaporization for water is about 540 cal/g.
It should be noted that even at lower temperatures, some water molecules—those that happen to have high kinetic energy—will escape from the water's surface. When temperatures reach a specific level, known as the crucial temperature, specific heat of vaporization totally disappears.
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In ptolemy's system the planets orbit the earth and not the sun. how did the system explain the retrograde motion of planets like jupiter?
In ptolemy's system the planets orbit the earth and not the sun , the system explain the retrograde motion of planets like jupiter as planets move on two sets of circles, a deferent and an epicycle. It held that the planets moved along small circles that moved on larger circles around Earth, and that the combined motion sometimes resulted in backward motion.
Retrograde motion, in astronomy, actual or apparent motion of a body in a direction opposite to that of the (direct) motions of most members of the solar system or of other astronomical systems with a preferred direction of motion.
Retrograde motion is an apparent change in the movement of the planet through the sky. It is not real in that the planet does not physically start moving backwards in its orbit. It just appears to do so because of the relative positions of the planet and Earth and how they are moving around the Sun.
Claudius Ptolemy , argued that planets move on two sets of circles, a deferent and an epicycle. This explained retrograde motion while keeping the planets in their circular orbits around the Earth.
It held that the planets moved along small circles that moved on larger circles around Earth, and that the combined motion sometimes resulted in backward motion.
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As we adjust to low light, our ______ becomes nonfunctional and it may take ______ for rhodopsin to become regenerated sufficiently so that you can see well in low-light conditions.
As we adjust to low light, our cone becomes nonfunctional and it may take 20-30 min for rhodopsin to become regenerated sufficiently so that you can see well in low-light conditions.
Rhodopsin:The most prevalent protein in the retinal rod cells is rhodopsin, a G-protein coupled receptor. It consists of two components: an opsin molecule connected to an 11-cis-retinal chromophore, which serves as the main photoreceptor molecule of vision. When a photon of light excites 11-cis retinal, rhodopsin is linked to it. This isomerizes into an all-trans conformation.
Rhodopsin is crucial to our ability to see in low light because it enables the rods in our eyes to receive photons and detect light. As rhodopsin absorbs a photon, it separates into a retinal and an opsin molecule before slowly and at a constant rate recombining back into rhodopsin. But because this happens gradually, it takes some time for our eyes to get used to the dark. For humans, acclimating to the dark takes roughly 20 to 30 minutes.
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